FAQ´s and Features Where is the EMMA name coming
light absorption measurement done through
How do I silence an alarm? How does the battery indicator work? What is EMMA?
A green light indicator is lit when the battery
status is OK. The green indicator will start
proof-of-intubation and short term ETCO2
blinking continuously when there is less
and RR monitoring of adults, children and
How long is an alarm silenced for? How is ETCO2 and breathing visualized? What does EMMA measure? What will happen if the alarm is
It measures end-tidal CO2 and respiratory
silenced and no breath is detected
large, easy to read, 14 segment bar graph
within the 2 minutes period of time?
gives immediate visual feedback for ETCO2
Is EMMA CE marked?
concentrations, breathing activity or alarm
minutes period of time the unit will shut
off. If breathing re-appears within the 2
How accurate is EMMA? How quickly does EMMA display ETCO2 and respiratory rate values?
The ETCO2 values are displayed after one
Medical electrical equipment – Particular
How loud is EMMA’s alarm?
Respiratory rate will be displayed after two
essential performance of respiratory gas
What are the numbers displayed at start What is the audible alarm sequence How durable is EMMA? on an EMMA Monitor?
The numbers displayed at start up specify
water resistant design to provide the user
status indicator (yellow led on top of the
with a reliable monitor for any emergency
bar graph) is lit with a steady yellow light
How do I switch off EMMA?
EMMA will automatically switch off after 15
seconds if the Airway Adapter is removed.
If there is no breath detected EMMA will
How do I connect EMMA to a patient?
switch off automatically after 2 minutes.
will start to blink and an audible three
EMMA Monitor will only switch off after 2
airway connection (i.e. endotracheal tube,
activated and no breath has been detected
for 2 minutes. If EMMA Monitor is turned
Can EMMA be used on infants?
breathing detected) it will automatically
Can EMMA be used in Home Care? In which environments can EMMA operate? Can EMMA be used with rechargeable
temperatures within the interval of -5 to 50
What are the advantages vs. batteries?
°C (23 to 122 °F). The operating humidity
traditional sidestream monitoring?
should be in the interval of 10 - 95% RH,
and the atmospheric pressure 70-120 kPa,
displayed value for the actual barometric
How often do I need to calibrate How often do I need to change the
temperatures between -30 to 70 °C (-22 to
batteries?
158 °F). The storage humidity should be in
batteries is 12 hours of normal use and 8
hours with alkaline batteries. Remove the
batteries from EMMA if it is not likely to be
What alarm functions is EMMA equipped How do I zero EMMA? Can the Airway Adapter be sterilized?
alarm system with both visual and audible
alarms for no adapter, check adapter, no
How often do I need to zero EMMA? Can the Airway Adapter be kept inline continuously?
Yes, but should be monitored for moisture
What are the default alarm settings?
The default settings are 50 mmHg (7,0 kPa)
What is EMMA’s start-up time? Can the alarms be adjusted? How do I clean EMMA? How does EMMA measure ETCO2?
limits can be adjusted. It is also possible to
switch off the limits if necessary. Carefully
FAQ´s and Features EMS (Emergency Medical Service) Why Capnography?
Ventilation • EtCO2 measures ventilation
• The vital measurement of respiratory rate
• Provides an immediate picture of the patient condition Airway management
• Ongoing assessments (provides assurance that the tube is maintained in the trachea) • Safety during transports (extubation, ventilation, disconnects, etc) Resuscitation Monitoring • Verification/confirmation of tracheal intubation
• Assess efficacy of CPR – early indicator of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
• Recommended AHA guideline Hypoventilation due to sedation, analgesia or overdose
EMMA Key Features • Easy to use
• Pocket sized, lightweight (60 grams)
• No calibration required
EMMA FAQ´s and Features Features for Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Why Capnography? Ventilation • EtCO2 measures ventilation
• Provides immediate picture of the patient condition • The vital measurement of respiratory rate Airway management • Ongoing assessments (provides assurance that the ETT is maintained in the trachea)
• Safety during transports (extubation, ventilation, disconnects, etc) Ventilator weaning Assessment of manual or mechanical ventilation efficacy Evaluation of the Respiratory Compromised Intubated Patient
• Need for treatment, suctioning and medications can be continuously assessed
• Assessment of alveolar emptying Resuscitation Monitoring • Verification/confirmation of tracheal intubation
• Assess efficacy of CPR – early indicator of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
• Informs the clinician to effectiveness of cardiac compression • Recommended AHA guideline Reduction in the number of ABG draws
EMMA Key Features • Easy to use
• Pocket sized, lightweight (60 grams)
• Infant through adult population • No calibration required
EMMA FAQ´s and Features Critical Care / ICU - Intensive Care Unit
Why Capnography? Ventilation
The vital measurement of respiratory rate
Provides immediate picture of the patient condition
Ongoing assessments (provides assurance that the ETT is maintained in the trachea)
Safety during transports (extubation, ventilation, disconnects, etc)
Ventilator weaning Assessment of manual or mechanical ventilation efficacy Evaluation of the Respiratory Compromised Intubated Patient
Need for treatment, suctioning and medications can be continuously assessed
Verification/confirmation of tracheal intubation
Assess efficacy of CPR – early indicator of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
Informs the clinician to effectiveness of cardiac compression
Hypoventilation due to sedation, analgesia or overdose Reduce the number of ABG draws
EMMA Key Features EMMA FAQ´s and Features PACU - Post Anesthesia Care Unit
Why Capnography? Ventilation
The vital measurement of respiratory rate
Provides immediate picture of the patient condition
Ongoing assessments (provides assurance that the ETT is maintained in the trachea)
Safety during transports (extubation, ventilation, disconnects, etc)
Ventilator weaning Assessment of manual or mechanical ventilation efficacy Evaluation of the Respiratory Compromised Intubated Patient
Need for treatment, suctioning and medications can be continuously assessed
Verification/confirmation of tracheal intubation
Assess efficacy of CPR – early indicator of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)
Informs the clinician to effectiveness of cardiac compression
Hypoventilation due to sedation, analgesia or overdose
EMMA Key Features Mainstream vs. Sidestream
What are the advantages of EMMA vs. traditional Sidestream monitoring? •
EMMA is a CE marked Emergency Capnometer for rapid application, proof-of-intubation and short term CO2 monitoring of adults, pediatrics and infants in emergency transport, emergency care and intensive care.
It measures end-tidal CO2 and respiratory rate.
EMMA provides unsurpassed mobility compared to traditional Sidestream monitoring due to its compact size, lack of cables, tubing, connectors or filters.
EMMA is self contained and can be directly connected to an endotracheal tube, laryngeal mask or facial mask via the Disposable Airway adapter which prevents cross infection ensuring utmost patient to patient hygiene.
Sidestream monitoring requires tubing, connectors and filters lengthening the patient application time, introducing unnecessary delays in an emergency situation.
Compared to Sidestream monitoring EMMA has no warm up time and has full accuracy as soon as switched on and EMMA displays ETCO2 values after only one breath and is updated every breath. Respiratory rate will be displayed after two breaths and updated every breath.
Both ETCO2 and respiratory rate are visualized on LED numeric displays. A large, easy to read, 14 segment bar graph gives immediate visual feedback for ETCO2 concentrations, breathing activity or alarm situations. EMMA is available with a comprehensive alarm system with both visual and audible alarms for apnea, adapter clogging and high and low end-tidal values.
Compared to Sidestream EMMA has a rugged, shock-proof and water resistant design (IEC60529:1989 Class IP33) provides the user with absolute portability coupled with reliable monitoring for any emergency situation. EMMA has also been designed in accordance with EN 1789:2007 standard for Road Ambulances.
Unlike sidestream EMMA does not require regular calibration which lowers the cost of ownership
EMMA Key Features
Battery powered – 2 AAA (8 hours normal use)
Mainstream vs. Sidestream A Capnometer, but … Which one?
If you are deciding which Emergency Capnometer to buy, there are many important considerations. Some are of obvious importance while other subtle yet critical to your satisfaction and choice. Not all technologies are created equal!
Sidestream Measures end-tidal CO2 and respiratory rate Free from cables Compact size Light weight Portable Battery powered Is powered with standard AAA batteries Designed for ambulance transport and emergency use Shock proof and water resistant No need for regular calibration Instant startup time Monitoring of adults/children and infants Low cost of ownership Fast response time No need for drawing away airway gases from the patient circuit Clinician can read CO2 values with full attention on patient Mainstream vs. Colorimetric A Capnometer, but … Which one?
If you are deciding which Emergency Capnometer to buy, there are many important considerations. Some are of obvious importance while other subtle yet critical to your satisfaction and choice. Not all technologies are created equal!
Colorimetric Detects CO2 Measures end-tidal CO2 Measures respiratory rate Visible in dark conditions Alarm for HIGH or LOW CO2 Alarm for apnea Fast startup time Start measures from the first breath Eliminates the risk for false proof of intubation Can be used on patients with cardiac arrest Can be used continuously in more than 3 hours
EXCEED EXPECTATIONS: “Pathology that Adds Value” Emergence of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae in South Africa Introduction Treatment A recent article in the Lancet highlighted the emergence of Many NDM-1 producers remain susceptible only to colistin and Enterobacteriaceae with resistance to carbapenems, conferred by tigecycline. A few isolates, mostly E. coli , retain a
Jaargang 34 april 2000 nr 4 het gebruik van matrixmethoden in de farmacotherapie Het gebruik van matrixmethoden in de farmacotherapie* * De redactiecommissie, met dank aan drs R.F. Brenninkmeijer en dr R. Janknegt Inleiding Bij de uiteindelijke beslissing voor een bepaald farmacotherapiebeleid spelen naast rationele overwegingen zoals werkzaamheid en veiligheid, ook andere, minder rationele