Microsoft word - english version

Anatomy of Domestic and Non-domestic Animals Post Graduate Program

Full time M.Sc. and PhD. Courses in Anatomy of Domestic and Non-Domestic Animals will be of 4 or 8 semester programs, respectively. This two (Msc.) or four (PhD.)
years program offers an exciting opportunity to students who are interested in Anatomy and
Histology and who wish to pursue courses for industry and business, research and teaching.
The program offers computer oriented courses and extensive laboratory training. As part of
an effort to learn new macro, microscopic and immune techniques that can be used to
address regional and country problems, the program includes lectures and laboratory
training. Msc. students have to fulfill 36 credit hours as well as 52 credit hours for PhD.
students. For more information, please contact Chair Professor Maria Angélica Miglino
(miglino@usp.br).
FIRST SEMESTER

VCI 5701 – Research Anatomical Techniques
CREDIT HOURS: 06
Number of lectures: 03
Laboratory training, seminars and others: 03
Hours of study: 03
DURATION IN WEEKS: 10
COLLABORATORS:
1. Profa. Dra. Maria Angélica Miglino 2. Prof. Dr. Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio 3. Prof. Dr. José Roberto Kfoury Junior AIMS: Increase knowledge and offer the opportunity of laboratory training on anatomical
and immunological techniques to be applied to research projects. In addition, macro,
microscopic and associate techniques would be compared and discussed to facilitate
decisions on each student working research hypothesis and result interpretation. The
students would be trained to prepare anatomical structures for research and teaching.

RATIONAL: Anatomical techniques are a solid basis for both Anatomy of Domestic and
Non-domestic Animals Post Graduation Program and research projects. Critical analysis of
results and journal publications would be carried on. Other associate techniques, as
immunohistochemistry, would help tissue and cell evaluation to be related to physiological functions.
CONTENT:
1. Post mortem conservation: different types of conservation solutions, mummification,
embalming, freezing.
2. Osteologic techniques: skeleton maceration, bones desarticulation, bleaching,
paraffinization, decalcification, staining, diafanization, bone cavity and joint modeling.
3. Vascular techniques: vascular injections, arteries, vessels and linfatic systems, dissection,
vascular system, diafanization.
4. Neurologic techniques: dissection, conservation and preparation of CNS models;
macroscopic slices staining in CNS; nerve fibers impregnations.
5. Splanchnic techniques: conservation, modeling, paraffinization, dissection of visceral
muscles.
6. Eye and ears techniques: preparation of inner ear, modeling, diafanization, preparation of
ocular globe, diafanization.
7. Techniques applied to non-domestic animals.
8. Introduction to Immunological techniques:
9. Immune system
10. Cells of the immune system
11. Immunoglobulins and receptors
12. Histocompatibility complex
13. Immunoglobulins recognition
14. Cell mediate immuno response
15. Immunological techniques applied to anatomy research
16. Polyclonal immunoglobulins
17. Monoclonal immunoglobulins
18. ELISA
19. Immuno-staining of cells and tissues
20. Immunofluorescence (FITC, etc.)
21. Electron imuno- microscopy
22. Immunohistochemistry
23. Immunohistochemistry kits in histological slices.

REFERENCES
ANDERSON, B.G. & ANDERSON, W.D. Myocardial microvascualture studied by
microcorrosion casts. Biomed.Res., 2 suppl.: 209-217, 1981.
ANDERSON, B.G. & ANDERSON, W.D. Renal muscultures of the trout demonstrated by
SEM, compared with canine glomerular vessels. Am.J.Anat., 45: 443-488, 1976.
ANDERSON, B.G. & ANDERSON, W.D. Shunting in intracranial microvasculatures demonstrated by SEM in corrosion casts. Am.J.Anat., 153: 617-624, 1978. BAERES FM, MOLLER M. Plastination of dissected brain specimens and Mulligan-stained sections of the human brain. Eur J Morphol 2001 Dec;39(5):307-11. BAPTISTA, C.A.C. et al. Impregnation of biological specimens with resins and elastomers: plastination with Biodur Sio resin. Rev.Bras.Ciênc.Morph., 5 (1): 60-62, 1988. BICKLEY, H.C. et al. An improved method for the preservation of teaching specimens. Arch.Pathol.Lab.Med., 105: 674-676, 1981. BICKLEY, H.C. & TOWNSED, F.M. Preserving biological material by plastination. Curator, 27 (1): 65-73, 1984. BLISCHKA, M. et al. Erfahrunger mit plastiniertern Präparaten im Anatomieunterricht. Acta Anat., 11 (1-2): 256, 1981. BUGGE, J. A standardized plastic injections technique for anatomical purposes. Acta Anat., 54: 177-192, 1963. CONTU, P. Considerações sobre a descalcificação eletrolítica. Arq.Inst.Anat.Fac.Med. Porto Alegre, 3 (3): 67-69, 1959. DAVIES, D.A.L. & BAUGH, V.S.G. Preservation of animals plants by drying from the frozen state. Nature, 177: 657-658, 1956. DUFRESNE A, INFANTE-RIVARD C, MALO JL, GAUTRIN D. Exposure to formaldehyde among animal health students. AIHA J (Fairfax, Va) 2002 Sep-Oct;63(5):647-50. FRANCESCHINI, L.J.; DE CARVALHO, V.C. Exposição ao formaldeído em anatomia: um risco de saúde ocupacional? Rev. Bras. Ciên. Morfol., 10(2): jul./dez., 1993. HAGENS, G. Emulsifying resins for plastinations. Der Präparator, 25 (2): 43-50, 1979. HILDEBRAND, H. Anatomical preparations Berkeley and Los Angeles. University of California Press, 1968. HOSTLER D. Plastination. An innovative approach to preserving anatomical specimens & teaching anatomy to EMS personnel. J Emerg Med Serv JEMS 2001 Dec;26(12):36-43 KNEBEL, R. Plastination eines Fisches, eines Herzens und eines Schulterblattpräparates. Der Präparator, 25: 51-56, 1979. MERODIO, J.N. Método para conservar pulmones insuflados y desecados. Arch.Mex.Anat., 8 (29): 17-19, 1969. REHLE D, LELEUX D, ERDELYI M, TITTEL F, FRASER M, FRIEDFELD S. Ambient formaldehyde detection with a laser spectrometer based on difference-frequency generation in PPLN. Appl Phys B 2001;72(8):947-52. REINBACHER, L. Plastination revolutioniest die Anatomie. Praxis-Kurier, 5 Selecta Verlag, 1982. RODRIGUES, H. Técnicas anatômicas. Ministério da Educação e Cultura, Juiz de Fora, MG 1973. ROMER, A.S.; PARSONS, T.S. Anatomia comparada dos vertebrados. São Paulo, Atheneu, 1985. p. 462. SAEED M, RUFAI AA, ELSAYED SE. Mummification to plastination. Revisited. Saudi
Med J 2001 Nov;22(11):956-9.
SLIJPER, E.J. Comparative biologie anatomical investigations on the vertebral column and
spinal musculatura of mammals. Amsterdan, 1946.
SOFFRITTI M, BELPOGGI F, LAMBERTIN L, LAURIOLA M, PADOVANI M,
MALTONI C. Results of long term experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of
formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002 Dec;982:87-105
TIERDEMANN, K. & HAGENS, G. The technique of heart plastination. Anat.Rec., 204:
295-299, 1982.
TOMPSETT, D.H. Anatomical techniques. Edinburg and London, 1970.
WEISS, L.; GREEP, R.O. Histologia. Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, 4ed., 1981, 1015
p.
WEIGLEIN AH. Preservation and plastination. Clin Anat 2002 Nov;15(6):445.
ABBAS, AK. 2003 Andrew H Lichtman. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 5th ed.
Saunders. Philadelphia.
CAMPBELL, A.M. Monoclonal antibody and immunosensor technology. Laboratory
techniques in Biochemistry. V. 26. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.
DAVIS, W.C. Monoclonal antibody protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. V. 45. New
Jersey: Humana Press, 1995.
DELVES, P.J. Antibody applications: essential techniques. Chichester: John Wiley, 1995.
ERYL LIDDELL, I.W. Antibody technology. Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, 1995.
FALKENBERG, F.W.; PIERARD, D.; MAI, U.; KANTWERK, G. Polyclonal and
monoclonal antibodies as reagents in biochemical and in clinical-chemical analysis. J Clin
Chem Clin Biochem, Dec;22(12):867-82,1984.
HOWARD, G.C.; BETHELL, D.R. Basic methods in antibody production and
characterization. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001.
KIM, J.H. Bioinformatics and genomic medicine. Genet Med, Nov-Dec; 4 (6 Suppl): 62S-
5S, 2002.
MALIK, V.S. Antibody Techniques. New York: Academic Press, 1994.
MARTIN, G.M. Some new directions for research on the biology of aging. Ann N Y Acad
Sci, Jun; 908:1-13, 2000.
TIZARD IR. 2004 Veterinary Immunology - An Introduction. 7th ed. Saunders.
Philadelphia.
YANG TB, QU L.N. Advances in monoclonal antibody researches. Space Med Med Eng
(Beijing) Dec;15(6):460-4, 2002.


VCI 5702 - Anatomy concepts and critical analysis on anatomical research
CREDIT HOURS: 06
Number of lectures: 04
Laboratory training, seminars and others: 03
Hours of study: 02
DURATION IN WEEKS: 10
COLLABORATORS:
1. Prof. Dr. Pedro Primo Bombonato
2. Profa. Dra. Paula de Carvalho Papa
3. Prof. Dr. José Roberto Kfoury
AIMS: Offers the opportunity critical analysis on published scientific articles on anatomy
and histology fields which provides the skills on interpreting and writing texts or thesis.
Construction of scientific way of thinking on morphology would be stimulated. History of
anatomy would be addressed to help this process to be accomplished.
RATIONAL: Post-graduate students should be stimulated to scientific reading and text
construction to prepare their research projects and thesis. Concepts on the basis of anatomy
are necessary as well as methodology and bibliographic review. Critical analysis,
interpreting and thinking would be particularly important. Notable comparative models and
summary skills are pre-requisites.
CONTENTS:
1. Body plans and construction of vertebrates.
2. Anatomical terminology. Critical study.
3. General body constitution in vertebrates. Anatomical units and systems.
4. Visceral concept.
5. Normal and abnormal anatomical structures and variations.
6. Breed concept. Physical features.
7. Scientific writing. Critical view.
8. Anatomy research: bibliographic review, data organization, advising on critical reviews.
9. Rules and Directions for thesis writing.
10. Historic aspects and scientific thinking.
11. Comparative aspects of anatomical structures and systems in domestic and non-
domestic animals.
12. Museum taxonomy directions.
13. Research on museum collections.
REFERENCES
BARATTO-FILHO F, FARINIUK LF, FERREIRA EL, PECORA JD, CRUZ-FILHO AM,
SOUSA-NETO MD. Clinical and macroscopic study of maxillary molars with two palatal
roots. Int Endod J 2002 Sep;35(9):796-801.
DAY, Robert A. How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper. Philadelphia, ISI Press,
1979.
DE-LA-VEGA, Javier Lasso. Como Se Nace Una Thesis Doctoral, Manual de Tecnica
de la Documentacion Cientifica. Madrid, Medical Editorial Mayfe, 1958.
HOUNNOU G, DESTRIEUX C, DESME J, BERTRAND P, VELUT S. Anatomical study
of the length of the human intestine. Surg Radiol Anat 2002 Dec;24(5):290-4.
HUTH, Edward J. How to Write and Publish Papers in the Medical Sciences.
Philadelphia, ISI Press, 1982.
KÖNIG, H.E.; LIEBICH, H.G. Anatomia dos animais domésticos. Texto e atlas
colorido. Porto Alegre , Artmed, 291p., 2002.
MADSEN, David. Successful Dissertations and Thesis. San Francisco, Jossey, Bass
Publishers, 1983.
MICHAELSON, Herbert B. How to Write and Publish Engineering Papers and
Reports. Philadelphia, ISI Press, 1982.
SHERWOOD CC, BROADFIELD DC, HOLLOWAY RL, GANNON PJ, HOF PR.
Variability of Broca's area homologue in African great apes: Implications for language
evolution. Anat Rec 2003 Apr;271A(2):276-85.
THIBOS LN, HONG X, BRADLEY A, CHENG X. Statistical variation of aberration
structure and image quality in a normal population of healthy eyes. J Opt Soc Am A Opt
Image Sci Vis 2002 Dec;19(12):2329-48.
VALLEJO VALDEZATE LA, GIL-CARCEDO GARCIA LM, DE LAS HERAS FLOREZ
P, POMARBLANCO P. Anatomical variation of the helix root (Radicis Helicis). An
Otorrinolaringol Ibero Am, 2002;29(6):531-40.
VOLPATO, G.L. Ciência: da filosofia à publicação. 3a ed, Jaboticabal: FUNEP, 261p.,
2001.
BRUNI, A. C.;ZIMMERL, U. Anatomia degli animali domestici. Milano: Francesco
Vallardi, 1974
DI DIO, L. J. A. Tratado de anatomia aplicada. São Paulo: Pólus Editorial, 1998.
DULZETTO, F., Anatomia comparata dei vertebrati. Edizioni Calderin, 1975.
DYCE, K. M.; SACK, W. O.; WENSING, C. J. G. Tratado de anatomia veterinária. Rio de
Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1990
GETTY, R.: SISSON/GROSSMAN Anatomia dos animais domésticos. 5ª ed. Rio de
Janeiro: Interamericana, 1981.
GONZALEZ Y GARCIA, J.; GONZALEZ-ALVARES, R. Anatomia comparada de los
animales domesticos. 7ª ed. Madrid: Canalez, 1929.
GRASSÉ, P-P, Traité de zoologie: anatomie, systématique, biologie. Paris: Masson et Cie,
1968.
KUMARI, N. SINGH, S.P. Morphology of the brain of Sarotherodon mossambicus (Peters) and correlation with its habits.Flia Morphol (praha).v.37, n.3, p. 253-256, 1989. LEGHISSA, S., Principi di morfologia dei vertebrati.Editrice Torinese, 1975. NICKEL, R.; SCHUMMER, A.; SEIFERLE, E. The anatomy of the domestic animals. Berlin: Paul Parey, 1981 ORR, R.T., Biologia dos vertebrados, 5ª ed. São Paulo: Livraria Roca, 1986. ROMER, A. S.; PARSONS, T., Anatomia comparada dos vertebrados. São Paulo: Atheneu Editora., 1985. TESTUT, L.; LATARJET, A. Tratado de anatomia humana. Rio de Janeiro: Salvat, 1977 TOYOSHIMA K, TANDLER B. Ultrastructure of the sublingual gland in the African multimammate rodent. Anat Rec. Apr, v. 229, n. 4, p. 482-488, 1991. HUME D, BEIGLBOCK C, RUF T, FREY-ROOS F, BRUNS U, ARNOLD W. Seasonal changes in morphology and function of the gastrointestinal tract of free-living alpine marmots ( Marmota marmota). J Comp Physiol [B]. 2002 Apr;172(3):197-207. MORATO RG, CONFORTI VA, AZEVEDO FC, JACOMO AT, SILVEIRA L, SANA D, NUNES AL, GUIMARAES MA, BARNABE RC. Comparative analyses of semen and endocrine characteristics of free-living versus captive jaguars (Panthera onca). Reproduction. 2001 Nov;122(5):745-51. Literatura Científica; Successful scientific writing, J.R. Matthews, J.M.Bowen and R. W. Matthews, 2nd ed, CambridgeUniv. Press, 2003. Os artigos científicos a serem apreciados e debatidos serão fornecidos durante a realização da disciplina. ALLARD Michael, BOUCHER Suzane. Le Musée et l’école, Hurtubise, ed. Québec, 1991, p. 136. ALLARD Michael, Didactique muséale: modéles didactiques d’utilsation des musées , Montreal, 1986. CAILLET, E., Pédagogie et muséologie, In Education permanente, n° 92, mars 98, p. 63-76. CAMERON, Duncan. “A view point: the museum as a communication system and application for museum education”. Curator, n. 11, 1968, p.33-40. CAZELLI, S. Alfabetização científica e outros interativos de ciências. Rio de Janeiro, PUC/RJ. Tese de mestrado, 1992. DELOCHE, Bernard. Le muse virtuel. Paris: PUF, 2001, p. 265. FALK, J. & DIERKING, L. D. Learning from museums: Visitor experiences and fhe making of meaning. Walnut Creek, California: Alatamira Press, 2000. GILBERT, J. K. & BOULTER, C.J. Learning science through models and modeling. In B. Frazer & K. Tobin (Eds) The International Handbook of Science Education. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer, 1998. GUICHARD, Jack e MARTINAND, Jean-Louis. Médiatique des sciences. Paris: PUF, 2000, p. 240. IMPEY, O. and MacGregor, A. The origins of Museums. The Cabinet of Curiosities in
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Europe. Claredon Press. Oxford. 1985, p.54-61
LOPES, M. M. O Brasil descobre a pesquisa científica: os museus e as ciências naturais no
século XIX. São Paulo, Hucitec, 1997.
MARTINEAU, R., L’education au musée: vers um savoir apprendre, In Musées, 13, 1991,
p.27-32.
MCMANUS P. Topics in Museums and Science Education. Studies in Science Education
n° 20, p. 157-182, 1992.
REBELLO, L. O perfil educativo de museus de ciências da cidade do Rio de Janeiro.
Dissertação de mestrado do programa de Pós-graduação em Educação. UFF, Niterói, 2001.
SCHIELE, Bernard. “Les musées scientifiques, tendances actuelles”. Em GIORDAN,
André (org.). Musées et Médias, pour une culture scientifique des citoyens. Genebra: Ed.
Georg, 1997.
VAN-PRAET, M., POUCET, B., Les musées, Linux de contre-éducation et de partenariat
avec l’école, in Education et Pédagogie, n°16, 1992, p.21-29.
VAN-PREAT Michael. “Contradictions des musées de historie naturelle et evolution de
leurs expositions”. Em Bernard Schilel (org.). Faire voir faire savoir. ed. Québec: Musée de
la Civilisation, 1989, p. 25-34.
VILLANI, A. Conceptual Change in Science and Science Education. Science Education,
n°76 (2), p. 223-237, 1992.


VCI 5770 – Teaching Anatomical Structures I
CREDIT HOURS: 04
Lectures: 04
Laboratory training, seminars and others: 03
Hours of study: 03
DURATION IN WEEKS: 6
COLLABORATORS:
1. Profa. Dra. Paula de Carvalho Papa
2. Prof. Dr. José Roberto Kfoury Junior
3. Profa. Dra. Maria Angélica Miglino
AIMS: Offers the opportunity on training and increasing knowledge on teaching
descriptive anatomy.
a) Reading and interpretation o notable scientific articles c) Planning classes and teaching on special topics d) Training teaching ability and knowledge transfer RATIONAL: Students on the post-graduate program should be trained as futures teachers
and researchers capable of ideas and knowledge transferring.
CONTENTS:
a) Interpretation skills of texts and visual contents b) Directions of teaching musculoskeletal, nervous and vascular systems. c) Users identification and applied knowledge e) Different methods of knowledge transfer h) Learning evaluation applied to different anatomical systems i) Alternative teaching methods on musculoskeletal, nervous, vascular, endocrine, respiratory, digestory and genitourinary systems. k) Collection and preparation of didactic materials -Basic anatomy knowledge on musculoskeletal, nervous, vascular, endocrine, respiratory, digestory and genitourinary systems. REFERENCES
ABREU, M.C. de; MASSETO, M.T. O professor universitário em aula. 9 ed. São Paulo: MG Editores, 1990. ANDREOLA, B. ª Dinâmica de grupo: jogo da vida e didática do futuro. 8 ED. Petrópolis: vozes, 1992. CASTANHO, M.E.L.M. Os objetivos da educação. In: VEIGA, I.P.A. (Org) Repensando a didatica. Campinas: Papirus, 1992. p. 53-64. CAUMO, T. O que os novos tempos exigem do professor no ensino universitário. Educação, v. 32, p. 97-116, 1997. CUNHA, M.I.A . A Didática e a produção do conhecimento . Tecnologia Eduacional, v. 17, n. 82, p. 31-34, 1998. DYCE, K. M., SACK, W. O.; WENSING, C. J. G.-Tratado de Anatomia Veterinária 2A ed. Guanabara-Koogan, 1997. EVANS, H.E.; MILLER’S. Anatomy of the dog. W.b. 3. Ed. Saunders Company, Toronto, 1993. GODOY, S. Avaliação da aprendizagem no ensino superior: estado da arte. Didática, v. 30, p. 9-25, 1995. HOFFMANN, J. Avaliação mediadora: uma pratica em construção da pré-escola a universidade. 16 ed. Porto Alegre: Educação e Realidade, 1993 KOENIG, H.E.; LIEBICH, H.G. Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos, 1. ed., v. 1, Artmed, Porto Alegre, 2002. KRASILCHICK, M. Prática de ensino de biologia. 3. ed. São Paulo: HARBRA, 1996. LIBANEO, J. C. Didática. São Paulo: Cortez, 1994. LUDKE, M. A pesquisa na formação do educador. In: FAZENDA, I. C. A pesquisa em educação e as transformações do conhecimento. Campinas: Papirus, 1995. p. 111-120. MARTINS, J. P. Didática geral: fundamentos, planejamento, metodologia, avaliação. 2 ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 1993 MASETTO, M. T. Didática e formação do professor de 3º grau. Revista da Faculdade de Educação, São Paulo, v. 19, n. 1, p. 132-134, 1993. MIRANDA, G. V. A. Produção e Reapropriação do saber no ensino superior. Cadernos CEDES, n. 22, 17-26, 1988. PAOLI, N.O princípio da indissociabilidade do ensino e da pesquisa: elementos para uma discussão. Cadernos CEDES, n. 22, 27-52, 1988. PASQUARELLI, M. L. R. Procedimentos para busca e uso da informação: capacitação do aluno de graduação. Brasília: Thesaurus, 1996. TURRA, C. M. G. Planejamento de ensino e avaliação. 11. Ed. Porto Alegre: Sagra, 1993. VEIGA, I. P. A. (Org.). Técnicas de ensino: por que não? 3. Ed. Campinas: Papirus, 1995. MANGER, R.F.ª A formulação de objetivos de ensino: Tradução por Cosete Ramos e Débora Karan Galarza. 5 ed. Porta Alegre: Globo, 1983. NICKEL, R.; SCHUMMER, A SEIFERLE, E. The Anatomy of domestic animals. Verlag SANT’ANNA, I. M.; MENEGOLLA, M. Didática: aprender a ensinar. 4 ed. São Paulo: Loyola, 1995.
VCI 5753 – Placenta Morphophysiology and Placentation
CREDIT HOURS: 04
Number of lectures: 04
Laboratory training, seminars and others: 03
Hours of study: 03

AIMS: Offers the opportunity of learning different placenta and fetal membranes
morphologic organization. Students would be able to recognize different species placenta
classifications and relate them to their functions. Placenta and fetal membrane architecture
and morphology would be extensively addressed both in domestic and non-domestic
animals.

RATIONAL: Placenta is defined as a temporary organ joining fetal and maternal tissues to
elicit physiological transfer between mother and fetus. Most part of animal species present
the chorion-allantois placenta and the comprehension of mechanisms involved in
physiological transfer have to consider anatomical, histological and biochemical aspects in
each different species.

CONTENT:
1. History od placenta and placentation
2. Placenta classification: critical analysis. Microscopic aspects of placenta and related
function
3. Morphology of egg components
4. Oviparity and viviparity differences
5. Modern classification of placentation
6. Anatomical and functional aspects of placenta circulatory flow
7. Maternal and fetal circulatory system
8. Methodology on placental microcirculation investigation
9. Trophoblast orign and development
10. Embryo implantation related to different classifications of placenta.
11. Trophoblast: morphology and physiology in different species
12. Extra-cellular matrix role in trophoblast physiology
13. Physiological parameters during pregnancy
14. Pregnancy pathophysiology
15. Ultra-structure of maternal-fetal interaction 16. Ultra-structure of human placenta
REFERENCES
APLIN, J.D. 1996. The cell biology of human implantation. Placenta, 269-275.
BERGH. P. & NAVOT, D. 1992. The impact of embryonic development and endometrial
maturity on the timing of implantation. Fertility and Sterility, 58:537-542.
BORDIGNON, V.; SMITH, L. Clonagem animal por transferência nuclear. In:
GONÇALVES, P.B.D.; FIGUEIREDO, J.R.; FREITAS, V.J.F. Biotécnicas aplicadas à
reprodução animal. São Paulo: Varela, 2002. p. 281-303.
Campbell, S.; Swann, H.; Seif,M.; Kimber, S. & Aplin, J.D. 1995. Cell adhesion molecules
on theoocyte and pre-implantation human embryo. Molecular Human Reproduction,
1:1571-1576.
CARAMBULA, S.; MIGLINO, M.A.; DIDIO, L.J.A.; TEIXEIRA FILHO, A.; SOUZA,
W.M. Pesquisa anatômica sobre a ramificação e disposição das artérias e veias das
placentas de bovinos azebuados. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal
Science, v. 34,n. 3-4, 1997. (no prelo).
CONSTÂNCIA, M.; HEMBERGER†, M.; HUGHES, J.; DEAN, W.; SMITH, A.F.;
FUNDELE, R.; STEWART, F.; KELSEY, G.; FOWDENK; A.; SIBLEY, C.; REIK, W.
Placental-specific IGF-II is a major modulator of placental and fetal growth. Nature, vol.
417, June 2002.
DINNYÉS, A.; SOUSA, P.; KING, T.; WILMUT, I. Somatic cell nuclear transfer: recent
progress and challenges. Cloning and stem cells, v. 4, n. 1, 2002.
EXLEY, G.E.; WARNER, C.M. Selection in favor of the Ped fast haplotype occurs
between mid-gestation and birth. Immunogenetics, v.49, n.7-8, p. 653-659, 1999.
GREEN, D.R.; REED, J.C. Mitocondria and apoptosis. Science, v. 281, p. 1309-1311, Aug
1998.
HEYMAN, Y.; CHAVATTE-PALMER, P.; LEBOURHIS, D.; CAMOUS, S.; VIGNON,
X.; RENARD, J.P. Frequency and occurrence of late-gestation losses from cattle cloned
embryos. Biol. Reprod., 66, 6-13, 2002.
HILL, J.R., BURGHARDT, R.C., JONES, K., et al. (2000). Evidence for placental
abnormality as the major cause of mortality in first-trimester somatic cell cloned bovine
fetuses. Biol. Reprod., 63, 1787–1794.
HILL, J.R., ROUSSEL, A.J., CIBELLI, J.B., EDWARDS, J.F., HOOPER, N.L., MILLER,
M.W., THOMPSON, J.A., LOONEY, C.R., WESTHUSIN, M.E., ROB, J.M., STICE S.L.
Clinical and pathological features of cloned transgenic calves and fetuses (13 cases
studies). Theriogenology, 51:1451-1465, 1999.
KATHIRESAN, R.; RAJASUNDARAM, R. C.; PATTABIRAMAN, S. R. Histological
and histochemical changes in the endometrium and placenta during different stages of
gestation in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Indian Veterinary Journal, v. 69, april, p. 326–328, 1992. LEISER, R.; KAUFMANN, P. Placental structure: in a comparative aspect. Exp. Clin. Endocrinal. 1994. p. 122-134. MEIRELLES, F.V., BORDIGNON, V., WATANABE, Y., et al. Complete replacement of the mitochondrial genotype in a Bos indicus calf reconstructed by nuclear transfer to a Bos taurus oocyte. Genetics, 158, 351–356, 2001. MIGLINO, M.A. Pesquisa anatômica sobre artérias e veias do cordão umbilical, sua ramificação e disposição na placenta de bovinos. São Paulo, 1991. Tese (Livre Docência) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo. NIEMANN, H.; WRENZYCKI, C.; LUCAS-HAHN, A.; BRAMBRINK, T.; KUES, W.A.; CARNWATH; J.W. Gene expression patterns in bovine in vitro - produced and nuclear transfer - derived embryos and their implications for early development. Cloning and stem cells, v. 4, n. 1, 2002. PAMPFER, S.; DONNAY, I. Apoptosis at the time of embryo implantation in mouse and rat. Cell Death and Differentiation, v.6, p. 533-545, 1999. Soares, M. J.; Chapman, B.; Rasmussen, C.; Daí, G.; Kamei, T. & Orwig, K. 1996. Differentiation of trophoblast endocrine cells. Placenta, 17:277-289. Yelian, F.D., Yang, Y., Hirata, J.D.; Schultz, J.F. & Armant, D.R. 1995. Molecular interactions between fibronectin and integrins during mouse blastocyst outgrowth. Molecular Reproduction and Development, 41:435-448. GRUNERT, E. BIRGEL, E.H. VALE W.G. Patologia e Clínica da Reprodução dos Animais Mamíferos Domésticos. Varela, 2005, 551p. HAFEZ, B & HAFEZ, E.S.E. Reprodução Animal. 7ªed. S. Paulo, Manole, 2004. 513p. KNOBIL & NEILL'S. Physiology of Reproduction, Vol. 1-2, Academic Press; 3 edition, 2005. MORROW, D. A. Current therapy in theriogenology. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1986. 1143p. NASCIMENTO, E. F. & SANTOS, R.L. Patologia da Reprodução dos Animais Domésticos.Guanabara Koogan. 2003, 137p. SCHATTEN, H & CONSTANTINESCU, G. Comparative Reproductive Biology. Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. SENGER, P. L. Pathways to pregnancy and parturition. 1a ed. Pullman (WA): Current Conceptions, Ins., 1997. 271p. YOUNGQUIST, RS & THRELFALL, WR. Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology, 2nd Edition, Elsevier (Mosby/Saunders), 2007. GINTHER, O.J.; 1992 Reproductive biology of the mare, basic and applied aspects. 2nd edition, Cross Plains, WI, USA: Equiservices Publishing. MCENTEE, K. Reproductive pathology of domestic mammals. Academic. San Diego. US. 1990. xv, 401 p.
VCI 5779 – Stem Cell and Animal Cloning
CREDIT HOURS: 04
Number of lectures: 04
Laboratory training, seminars and others: 03
Hours of study: 03
DURATION IN WEEKS: 06
COLLABORATORS:
1. Prof. Dr. Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
2. Prof. Dr. Luciano Andrade Silva
3. Dr. Felipe Perecin
AIMS: Offers the opportunity to learn “state-of-art” on toti and multipotent stem cells from
different tissue sources and animal clonning. Oocyte isolation, nuclear cell fusion and
organogenesis (from morulae to embryo gastrulation and neurulation) aspects would be
extensively addressed.

RATIONAL: Advances on genetics and molecular biology are leading to relevant changes
in veterinary medicine markedly on stem cell technology and its clinical applications.
Regenerative medicine is also an open window. All thoses perspectives are a potencial
research field for young investigators who should be aware of stem cells potencial and
applications. In addition, cloning, despite its moral and ethics aspects, is also a
biotechnology that must be addressed due to its potential contributions to animals and
human health. Histology and embryology research are therefore sciences redirected to
cytophysiology and developmental biology.

CONTENT:
1. Stem cells: morphology and classification of toti and multipotent cells
2. Stem cells tissue sources: isolation techniques from bone marrow, embryonic annexes
and other possible tissues
3. Animal cloning: current issues
4. Oocyte isolation and nuclear fusion
5. Embryo development and epigenetics
6. Pre-implantation embryonic differentiation
5. Early embryonic development: inner cell mass to neurulation closure
6. Bovine clone pregnancy follow-up: morphophysiological aspects
7. Umbilical cord cannulation: methodology to study fetal physiology
8. Bovine placenta and placentation: normal and cloned embryos
9. Functional comparative aspects in different animal models
10. Bioethics in stem cells and cloning studies 11. Birds modeling
REFERENCES
Batchelder CA, Hoffert KA, Bertolini M, Moyer AL, Mason JB, Petkov SG, Famula TR,
Anderson GB. Effect of the nuclear-donor cell lineage, type, and cell donor on development
of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in cattle. Cloning Stem Cells, 2005, no prelo.
Bertolini M, Anderson GB. The placenta as a contributor to production of large calves.
Theriogenology 2002; 57:181-187.
Bertolini M, Famula TR and Anderson GB. Appearance of giant cotyledons in the Large
Calf Syndrome. J Anim Sci 2000; 78(Suppl 2):65-68.
Bertolini M, Moyer AL, Mason JB, Batchelder CA, Hoffert KA, Bertolini LR, Carneiro
GF, Cargill SL, Famula TR, CC Calvert, Sainz RD, Anderson GB. Evidence of increased
substrate availability to in vitro-derived bovine foetuses and association with accelerated
conceptus growth. Reproduction 2004; 128:341-354.
Bertolini M, Wallace CR, Anderson GB. Expression profile and protein levels of placental
products as indirect measures of placental function in in vitro-derived bovine pregnancies.
Reproduction 2005, no prelo.
Conley AJ, Mason JI. Placental steroid hormones. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;
4: 249-272.
DeSouza PA, King T, Harkness L, Young LE, Walker SK, Wilmut I. Evaluation of
gestational deficiencies in cloned sheep fetuses and placentae. Biol Reprod 2001; 65:23-30.
Farin PW, Crosier AE, Farin CE. Influence of in vitro systems on embryo survival and fetal
development in cattle. Theriogenology 2001; 55:151-170.
Garry FB, Adams R, McCann JP, Odde KG. Postnatal characteristics of calves produced by
nuclear transfer cloning. Theriogenology 1996; 45:141-152.
Geisert RD, Conley AJ. Secretion and Metabolism of Steroids in Subprimate Mammals
During Pregnancy. In: Bazer FW (ed.), The Endocrinology of Pregnancy. New Jersey:
Humana Press Inc.; 1998: 291-318.
Hammer CJ, Tyler HD, Loskutoff NM, Armstrong DL, Funk DJ, Lindsey BR, Simmons
LG. Compromised development of calves (Bos gaurus) derived from in vitro-generated
embryos and transferred interspecifically into domestic cattle (Bos taurus). Theriogenology
2001; 55:1447-1455.
Hashizume K, Ishiwata H, Kizaki K, Yamada O, Takahashi T, Imai K, Patel OV, Akagi S,
Shimizu M, Takahashi S, Katsuma S, Shiojima S, Hirasawa A, Tsujimoto G, Todoroki J,
Izaike Y. Implantation and placental development in somatic cell clone recipient cows.
Cloning Stem Cells 2002; 4:197-209.
Heyman Y, Chavatte-Palmer P, LeBourhis D, Camous S, Vignon X, Renard JP. Frequency
and occurrence of late-gestation losses from cattle cloned embryos. Biol Reprod 2002;
66:6-13.
Hill JR , Chavatte-Palmer P. Pregnancy and neonatal care of cloned animals. In Cibelli J,
Lanza RP, Campbell KHS, West MD, eds: Principles of Cloning, Amsterdam and others,
2002, Academic Press, pp 247-266.
Hill JR, Edwards JF, Sawyer N, Blackwell C, Cibelli JB. Placental anomalies in a viable
cloned calf. Cloning 2001; 3:83-88.
Hoffert KA, Batchelder CA, Bertolini M, Moyer AL, Famula TR, Anderson DL, Anderson
GB. Measures of maternal-fetal interaction in day-30 bovine pregnancies derived from
nuclear transfer. Cloning Stem Cells 2005, no prelo.
Meirelles FV, Bordignon V, Watanabe YF, Watanabe MR, Dayan A, Lôbo RB, Garcia JM,
Smith LC. Complete replacement of the mitrochondrial genotype in a Bos indicus calf
reconstructed by nuclear transfer to a Bos taurus oocyte. Genetics 2001; 158:351-357.
Mello MR, Caetano HV, Marques MG, Padilha MS, Garcia JF, Milazzotto MP, Assumpcao
ME, Lima AS, Nicacio AC, Mendes CM, Oliveira VP, Visintin JA. Production of a cloned
calf from a fetal fibroblast cell line. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:1485-1489.
Polejaeva IA, Chen SH, Vaught TD, Page RL, Mullins J, Ball S, Dal Y, Boone J, Walker S,
Ayares DL, Colman A, Campbell KHS. Cloned pigs produced by nuclear transfer from
adult somatic cells. Nature 2000; 407:86-89.
Rudenko L, Matheson JC, Adams AL, Dubbin ES, Greenlees KJ. Food consumption risks
associated with animal clones: What should be investigated? Cloning Stem Cells 2004;
6:79-93.
Sun YH, Chen SP, Wang YP, Hu W, Zhu ZY. ytoplasmic impact on cross-genus cloned
fish derived from transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio) nuclei and goldfish (Carassius
auratus) enucleated eggs. Biol Reprod 2005; 72:510-515.
Shi L, Wu J. Epigenetic regulation in mammalian preimplantation embryo development.
Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009;7:59.
Duranthon V, Watson AJ, Lonergan P. Preimplantation embryo programming:
transcription, epigenetics, and culture environment. Reproduction 2008 Feb;135(2):141-50.
Suzuki J Jr, Therrien J, Filion F, Lefebvre R, Goff AK, Smith LC. In vitro culture and
somatic cell nuclear transfer affect imprinting of SNRPN gene in pre-and post-implantation
stages of development in cattle. BMC Dev Biol. 9:9.
Zernicka-Goetz M, Morris SA, Bruce AW. Making a firm decision: multifaceted regulation
of cell fate in the early mouse embryo. Nat Rev Genet 2009;10:467-77.
Rielland M, Hue I, Renard JP, Alice J. Trophoblast stem cell derivation, cross-species
comparison and use of nuclear transfer: new tools to study trophoblast growth and
differentiation. Dev Biol. 2008;322:1-10.
Chen L, Yabuuchi A, Eminli S, Takeuchi A, Lu CW, Hochedlinger K, Daley GQ. Cross-
regulation of the Nanog and Cdx2 promoters. Cell Res. 2009;19:1052-61.


VCI 5707 – Structural and functional basis of endocrine genital male and female systems CREDIT HOURS: 04
Number of lectures: 04
Laboratory training, seminars and others: 03
Hours of study: 03
DURATION IN WEEKS: 06
COLLABORATORS:
1.
AIMS: Offers to opportunity of anatomical recognition of urogenita system and
relationships to endocrine function. Allow students to learn recent findings on the research
field and veterinary practice. Also, would address body systems in an integrated point-of-
view.
RATIONAL: Students would be stimulated to an anatomical critical analysis of renal
architecture and organization of genital male and female organs and endocrine genital
function in different species to aim research and teaching.

CONTENT:
1. Renal vascular architecture. Renal segmentation.
2. Testicular migration. Mechanism analysis: involved structures.
3. Comparative analysis of anatomical aspects of testis and epididymis.
4. Comparative analysis of sperm transport and elimination. Annexed glands.
5. Anatomical aspects of penile erection.
6. Anatomical and surgical aspects of prepucious.
7. Anatomy of ovaries and oviduct: comparative analysis.
8. Functional architecture of myometrium.
9. Anatomical position of pelvic organs. Suspension system and ligaments.
10. Morphofunctional analysis of embryonic annexes and placental vascular system.
11. Avian systems.
12. Endocrine glands. History. Study methods.
13. Thyroid gland: anatomy and segmentation. Anatomical and surgical correlations.
Comparative analysis.
14. Parathyroid gland: anatomy, position and comparative anatomical aspects.
Morphological significance.
15. Timus: macro and microscopic anatomy. Comparative anatomical aspects. Involution.
16. Hipophysis. Morphological significance. Anatomical aspects. Differences between
humans and animals.
17. Adrenal gland. Morphology and differences within species. Segmentation.
Pathophysiology.
18. Cromaphin system. Paraganglionar organs.
REFERENCES
ACKERMAN, N. Radiology and ultrasound of urogenital diseases in dogs and cats.
Ames, Iowa State University, 1991.
ASHDOWN, R.R. & DONE, S.H. O cavalo. São Paulo, Ed. Manole, 1989.
ASHDOWN, R.R. & DONE, S.H. Os ruminantes. São Paulo, Ed. Manole, 1987.
BAN, F. Diagnostics ultrasound in the dog and cat. Blackwell Science, London, 1990
BECKETT, S.D. et al. Blood pressures and penile muscle activity in the stallion curing
coitus. Amer.J.Phyniology., 255 (5): 1072-5, 1973.
BERGMANN, M.; SCHINDELMEISER, J.; GREVEN, H. The blood-testis barrier in
vertebrate having different testicular organization. Cell.Tissue Res., 238: 145-150, 1984.
BOSSI, V.; CARADONNA, G.B.; SPAMPANI, G.; VARALDI, L.; ZIMMERL, U.
Trattato di anatomia veterinaria. Milano, Francesco Vallardi, s.d.
BOURDELLE, E.; BRESSOU, C. Anatomie régionale des animaux domestiques.
Paris, J.B. Baillière et Fils, 1938.
DYCE, K.M.; SACK, W.O.; WENSING, C.J.G. Tratado de Anatomia Veterinária. Rio
de Janeiro, Editora Guanabara , 1990.
ELLENBERGER, W.; BAUM, H. Handbuch der Vergleichenden Anatomie der
Haustiere. Berlin, Julius Springer, 1977.
FRITSCH, R.; GERWING, M. Ecografia de perros y gatos. Editorial Acribia S. A
Zaragoza, 1996.
GINTHER, ºj. Ultrasonic Imagin and Animal Reproduction: Horses, Book 2,
Equiservices, 1995.
HARRISON, R.G. The comparative anatomy of the blood-supply of the mammalian testis.
Proc.Zool.Soc., 119: 325-344, 1949.
JANTOSOVICOVÁ, J. The intraorganic arterial system of the testis of rams, boars and
stalliones. Folia Vet., 13 (3-4): 26-31, 1969.
KÁHN, W. Veterinary Reprodutive Ultrasonography, Mosby-Wolfe, Hannover, 1994.
KAZZAZ, D.; SHANKLIN, W.M. Comparative anatomy of the superficial vessels of the
mammalian kidney demonstrated by plastic (vinyl acetate) injections and corrosion.
Journal of Anatomy, 85 (2): 163-5.
MARINA P, ANNAMARIA L, BARBARA D, LOREDANA R, PIERO A, FRANCESCO
A. Fine structure of leydig and sertoli cells in the testis of immature and mature spotted ray
Torpedo marmorata. Mol Reprod Dev. 2002 Oct;63(2):192-201.
PAILHOUX E, MANDON-PEPIN B, COTINOT C. Mammalian gonadal differentiation:
the pig model. Reprod Suppl. 2001;58:65-80. Review.
ZEMPOALTECA R, MARTINEZ-GOMEZ M, HUDSON R, CRUZ Y, LUCIO RA.An
anatomical and electrophysiological study of the genitofemoral nerve and some of its
targets in the male rat. J Anat. 2002 Dec;201(6):493-505.
BARONE, R. Anatomie compareé des mammifères domestiques. Paris: Vigot, 1986.
BANKS, W.J. Applied Veterinary Histology. Second Edition, Williams & Wilkin Ed. p.
467-485, 1986.
DiDio, L.J.A. Sinopse de Anatomia. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan Ed. 1974.
GETTY, R. Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos. 5.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan,
1981.
MCALLAN B, WESTMAN W, JOSS J. The seasonal reproductive cycle of a marsupial,
Antechinus stuartii: effects of oral administration of melatonin. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol.,
Aug;128(1):82, 2002.
SCHWARZE, E.; SCHRODER, L. Compendio de Anatomia Veterinaria. Sistema
Nervioso. Organos de los Sentidos. Tomo IV. Zaragoza: Acribia, , 1970.
TESTUT, L.; LATARJET, A. Tratado de Anatomia Humana. Tomo tercero. Salvat
Editores, S.A. 1951.
VALLE, F.C.; HAYASHI, H.; PRATES, J.C.; DIDIO, L.J. Cellular and subcellular
alterations of the thyroid gland in rats caused by lithium carbonate. Bull. Assoc. Anat.
(Nancy) Jun;77 (237):39-43, 1993.
WALLEN EP, YOCHIM JM. Photoperiodic regulation of the estrous cycle of the rat: role
of the pineal gland. Biol Reprod., September;11 (2):117-24, 1974.
WHEATER, P.R.; BURKITT, H.G.; DANIELS, V.G. Functional Histology. Second
Edition. Churchill Livingstone, 1987.
SECOND SEMESTER
VCI 5703 – Morphological basis of musculoskeleton system and phylogenetics evolution
CREDIT HOURS: 04
Numberof lectures: 02
Laboratory training, seminars and others: 05
Hours of study: 03
DURATION IN WEEKS: 06
COLLABORATORS:
1. Prof. Dr. Pedro Primo Bombonato
AIMS: Offers the opportunity to increase knowledge on musculoskeletoal system
addressing structure and architecture related to locomotion in mammals and birds.

RATIONAL: New macro and microscopic methodology would be addressed as functional
anatomy related to motion and physiological aspects. Students are encouraged to
understand immunohistochemical studies and molecular biology applications. Critical
analysis and teaching skills would be stimulated.

CONTENT:
1. Functional structure and architecture of bones.
2. Evolutionary aspects of vertebral column.
3. Pelviology and e pelvimetry.
4. Joint surfaces and its relatioships.
5. Articular static and dynamic aspects.
6. Critical analysis of joint function.
7. Muscle architecture and work. Electromyography.
8. Analysis of anatomical aspects influencing animal posture.
9. Avian models.

REFERENCES
ALBERTS, B.; BRAY, D.; LEWIS, J.; RAFF, M.; ROBERTS, K.; WATSON, J.D.
Molecular biology of the cell. 3ed. Garland Publishing, 1994.
BARBOSA SUEIRO, M.B. A morfologia de algumas variações raquidianas no homem.
Arquivo de Anatomia e Antropologia. Lisboa, 1932, vol. XIV, p. 613-706.
BADOUX, D.M. Bioestatística e Biodinâmica Gerais. In: GETTY, R. Anatomia dos
animais domésticos. 5aed, v.1, 2000p.
BANKS, W.J. Applied veterinary histology. WILLIAMS&WILKINS, Baltimore, 2aed,
583p., 1986.
BARBOSA SUEIRO , M B. A morfologia de algumas variações raquidiana no
homen.Arquivo de Anatomia e Antropologia .Lisboa, 1932, vol.XIV, p.613-706.
BADOUX, D M.Bioestatística e Biodinâmica gerais.In: GETTY, R .Anatomia dos Animais
Domésticos.5ª ed.v.1,2000p.
BASMAJIAN, J.V.C.; LUCA, J.C. Muscles alive their function revealed by
electromiographic. 5a ed, 1985, p. 561.
BECKER, R.O.; BASSET, L.; BACHMAN, C.H. Bioelectrical factors controlling bone
structure. In: FRONT, H. Bone biodynamics. New York, p. 209, 1963.
DYCE, K.M.; SACK, W.O.; WENSING, C.J.C. Veterinary anatomy. Saunders Company, 1987. DONOUGHUE P C, SANSON I J, Origin and early evolution of vertebrate skeletonization. Microsc Res Tech 2002 Dec 1;59(5):352-72. FAWCETT, D.W. A textbook of histology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 10a ed. 1017, 1986. FERREIS, H. Uber die amordnung und die Bedetung des Bindegenweles für die rochanik der skelett-muskulatur Kiel. Morph. Jalnbuch, 76: 161-181, 1935. MASCARENHAS, S.; KOBERLE, G. Possible biological importance of the electric effect in bone and collagen. In: Proceedings first latin american conference on physies in medicine and radiation protection, p. 319, 1972. METTER EJ, TALBOT LA, SCHRAGER M, CONWIT R. Skeletal Muscle Strength as a Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in Healthy Men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, Oct 1;57(10):B359-B365, 2002. MÓLLIER, G. Beziehungen zwischen form um Funktion der sehnen us. Gegend. Morphol. Jalnbuch, 76: 161-199, 1937. PEARSE, A.G.E. Histochemistry, Theorethical and Apllied. Churchill. Livingstone, 4ed, London, vol. 1, p. 439, 1980. PEARSE, A.G.D. Histochemistry, Theorethical and Apllied. Churchill. Livingstone, 4ed, London, vol. 2, p. 478, 1985. SLIJPER, E.J. Comparative biologie anatomical investigations on the vertebral column and spinal musculature of mammals. Amsterdan, 1946. ROMER, A.S.; PARSONS, T.S. Anatomia comparada dos vertebrados. São Paulo, Atheneu, p. 462, 1985. WEISS, L.; GREEP, R.O. Histologia. Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro, 4a ed, p.1015, 1981. VCI 5705 – Critical analysis of cardiovascular and respiratory systems CREDIT HOURS: 04
Number of lectures: 04
Laboratory training, seminars and others: 03
Hours of study: 03
DURATION IN WEEKS: 06
COLLABORATORS:
1. Prof. Dr. Pedro Primo Bombonato
2. Profa. Dra. Paula de Carvalho Papa
AIMS: Offers the opportunity to increase knowledge on anatomical structures and
histology of respiratory and vascular systems, addressing methods of systematic analysis
and results interpretation. Students would be encouraged to work on scientific texts for
research and teaching in a critical point-of-view.

RATIONAL: The relevance of respiratory and vasular systems would converge in an
integrate organism. Students would be able to make such relationships which would
increase critical analysis of systems and published information processing.

CONTENTS:
Cardiology:
1. Phylogenetic aspects of cardiovascular system.
2. Architecture of the heart and variabilty between different animal species.
3. Arquitetura funcional do miocárdio.
4. Vascular system: concepts and relevant functions.
5. Morphophysiological aspects of cardiac rhythm conduction.
6. Cardiac arterial system architecture in domestic species.
7. Cardiac rhythm conduction system blood flow. Comparative aspects.
8. General aspects of electrocardiographic tracing in domestic animals.
Módulo Periférico
1. Vascular systems development - neovascularization.
2. Principles on permeability, vasoplasticity, blood flow, viscosity and related aspects.
3. Capillary vessels dynamics.
4. Morphphysiological aspects of microcirculation.
5. Systemic vascularization and blood flow in different organs.
6. Critical analysis of celiac and mesenteric cranial and caudal arteries.
7. Arterial and venous anastomosis.
8. Critical analysis of collateral circulation.
9. Different organizational and communications of venous systems.
10. Avian models.
11. Lung.
12. Air conduction system.
13. Pleura membranes.
14. Lung segmentation.
Pneumology:
Nasal cavity, fossa divisions, and morphofunctional significance;
Blood flow and innervations of the nasal cavity and its relationship to clinical, surgical,
odontological procedures and images;
Larynx functional structure and architecture considering clinical and surgical procedures;
Comparative analysis of trachea morphofunctional aspects;
Lung functional anatomy in different species. Topographic aspects of lung segmentation; 6. Broncho-pulmonary segment and its relationship to pulmonary surgery; 7. Pleural anatomical dynamic and static aspects, relationship to toracic organs and clinical and surgical applications; 8. Comparative analysis of diaphragm morphofunctional aspects; 9. Critical analysis of breath mechanism in different species thoracic cavity; 10. Breath nervous mechanisms involved. REFERENCES
AGÚERA, E.; SANDOVAL, J. Anatomia aplicada del caballo. Madrid: Harcourt BraCE,
1999.
ANDERSON, W.D.; ANDERSON, B.G. Atlas of canine anatomy. Phildelphia: Lea &
Febiger, 1994.
ASHDOWN, R.R.; DONE, S. Atlas colorido de Anatomia Veterinária- Os ruminantes. São
Paulo: Editora Manole, 2003.
BAUER M, PASIC M, MEYER R, GOETZE N, BAUER U, SINIAWSKI H, HETZER R.
Morphometric analysis of aortic media in patients with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve.
Ann Thorac Surg. Jul, v. 74, n. 1, p. 58-62, 2002.
BEZERRA AJ, DIDIO LJ, PRATES JC. Variations of the area and shape of the left
atrioventricular valve and its cusps and leaflets. Surg Radiol Anat; v.16, n. 3, p. 277-280,
1994.
BOYD, J.S. Anatomia clínica. São Paulo: Editora Manolle, 1997.
BOYD, J.S. Atlas colorido de Anatomia Clínica do cão e do Gato. São Paulo: Editora
Manole, 2002.
CLAYTON H.M.; FLOOD, P.F. Atlas colorido de Anatomia Aplicada dos Grandes
Animais. São Paulo: Editora Manole, 2002.
DA SILVA RA, APFEL MI, MANDARIM-DE-LACERDA CA. Ultrastructure of the
atrioventricular junctional area in the heart of Molossus molossus Pallas 1766 (Chiroptera:
Molossidae). Morphologie. v. 82, n. 257, p. 11-17, 1998.
DIDIO, L.J.A Tratado de anatomia aplicada. São Pasulo: Pólus Editorial, 2 V, 1998.
DONE, S.H.; GOODY, P.C.; EVANS, S.A.; STICKLAND, N.C. Atlas colorido de
Anatomia Veterinária – Do Cão e do Gato. São Paulo: Manole, v.3, 2002.
DYCE, K.M.; SACK, W.O.; WENSING, C.J.G. Tratado de Anatomia Veterinária. Rio de
Janeiro: Editora Guanabara Koogan, 1997.
FARMER, C.G. Evolution of the vertebrate cardio-pulmonary system. Annu Rev Physiol;
61: 573-92, 1999.
GAYAN-RAMIREZ G, DECRAMER M. Effects of mechanical ventilation on diaphragm
function and biology. Eur Respir J, Dec;20(6):1579-86, 2002.
KOCHTEKOV AG, VASIAGINA TI, SOTNIKOV OS. Structural organization of the
acellular region of the sinoauricular nerve plexus in the dog heart at maximal motor
activity. Morfología. v. 120, n. 5, p. 56-61, 2001.
MACHADO, A Neuroanatomia Funcional. 2 ed. São Paulo: Atheneu, 2000. MADEIRA, M.C. Anatomia do dente. São Paulo: Sarvier, 1996. MAINA JN. What it takes to fly: the structural and functional respiratory refinements in birds and bats. J Exp Biol, Oct;203 Pt 20:3045-64, 2000. MANSO JC, DiDio LJ. Anatomical variations of the human suprarenal arteries. Ann Anat Sep. v. 182, n. 5, p. 483-488, 2000. ROUX E. Origin and evolution of the respiratory tract in vertebrates. Rev Mal Respir Oct;19(5 Pt 1):601-15, 2002. VCI 5706 –Anatomical and phylogenetic basis of digestory system CREDIT HOURS: 03
Number of lectures: 03
Laboratory training, seminars and others: 03
Hours of study: 03
DURATION IN WEEKS: 05
COLLABORATORS
1. Prof. Dr. Ii Sei Watanabe
2. Prof. Dr. Renato Paulo Chopard
AIMS: The digestory system assumes well known and relevant role in veterinary medicine.
Morphofunctional aspects should be extensevely addressed as well as annexed glands and
regulatory processes.

RATIONAL: Developmental and physiological aspects should be addressed and related to
morphological structures and comparative anatomy. Specie specific analysis is extremely
relevant and would be applied to nutrition, food composition and alimentary management.
On the other hand, pathophysiolgy and clinical applications would be also addressed.

CONTENT:
1. Evolutionary and critical evaluation of tooth differentiation.
2. Morphofunctional significance of digestory system.
3. Morphofunctional aspects of ruminant gastric compartments.
4. Vascular architecture of the liver and its segmentation.
5. Comparative analysis of liver secretory system.
6. Comparative analysis of pancreas secretory system.
7. Functional and anatomical aspects of the sphincters of the digestory system.
8. Comparative analysis of the vascular anatomy of the digestory system.
9. Peritoneal implications to dynamic and static positions of abdominopelvic organs.

REFERENCES
ASHDOWN, R.R.; DONE, S.H. O cavalo. São Paulo, Ed. Manole, 1989.
ASHDOWN, R.R.; DONE, S.H. Os ruminantes. São Paulo, Ed. Manole, 1987.
AUGHSTEEN, A.A. The ultrastructure of primary cilia in the endocrine and excretory duct
cells of the pancreas of mice and rats. Eur J Morphol, Dec;39(5):277-83, 2001.
BOSSI, V.; CARADONNA, G.B.; SPAMPANI, G.; VARALDI, L.; ZIMMERL, U.
Trattato di anatomia veterinaria. Milano, Francesco Vallardi, s.d.
BOURDELLE, E.; BRESSOU, A. Anatomie régionale des animaux domestiques. Paris,
J.B. Baillière et Fils, 1938.
BRADLEY, O.C. The Topographical Anatomy of the Thorax and Abdomen of the Horse.
Edinburg, W. Green & Soon, 1922.
BRUNI, A.C.; ZIMMERL, U. Anatomia degli animali domestici. Milano, Francesco
Vallardi, 1947.
CROUGH, J.E.; LACKEY, M.B. Text-Atlas of Cat Anatomy. Philadelphia, Lea &
Febiger,, 1969.
DRIESSEN, A.; VAN GINNEKEN, C,; CREEMERS, J.; LAMBRICHTS, I.; WEYNS, A.
GEBOES, K.; ECTORS, N.Histological and immunohistochemical study of the lymphoid
tissue in the normal stomach of the gnotobiotic pig. Virchows Arch. Dec,v. 441, n. 6,
p.589-98, 2002.
DOBBERSTEIN, J.; HOFFMANN, G. Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der
Haustiere. Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1963.
DYCE, K.M.; SACK, W.O.; WENSING, C.J.G. Tratado de Anatomia Veterinaria. Rio de
Janeiro, Editora Guanabara, 1990.
ELLENBERGER, W.; BAUM, H. Handbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Haustiere.
Berlin, Julius Springer, 1977.
EVANS, H.E.; CHRISTENSEN, G.C. Miller’s Anatomy of the dog. Philadelphia, W.B.
Saunders, 1979.
SHULMAN A, MAZKERETH R, ZALEL Y, KUINT J, LIPITZ S, AVIGAD I, ACHIRON R. Prenatal identification of esophageal atresia: the role of ultrasonography for evaluation of functional anatomy. Prenat Diagn, Aug;22(8):669-74, 2002. IWASAKI, S. Evolution of the structure and function of the vertebrate tongue. J Anat, Jul, v. 201, n. 1, p.1-13, 2002. CREDIT HOURS: 04
Number of lectures: 04
Laboratory training, seminars and others: 03
Hours of study: 03
DURATION IN WEEKS: 06
COLLABORATORS:
1. Profa. Dra. Maria Angélica Miglino
2. Prof. Dr. Luciano Andrade Silva
3. Profa. Dra. Patrícia Cristina Baleeiro Beltrão Braga
AIMS: Offers the opportunity to increase knowledge on embryonic and fetal membranes of
different animal domestic and non-domestic species. Systems development and its
phylogenetic correlations would be addressed. Training on embryo and fetal membrane
collection, isolation, analysis and processing would be obtained.

RATIONAL: Morphogenetic processes are relevant to architectural and position of organs
in the body. This knowledge is also relevant to morphology comprehension and to
understand embryonic cells applications to cell therapy in both human and animal diseases.

CONTENT:
1. Embriology I:
a) Gametogenesis; b) Ovulation and implantation; c) Bilaminar germ disk development; d)
Trilaminar germ disk development; e) Embryonic layers and derivates; f) Embryonic
development and epigenetics;
g) Pre-implantational embryonic differentiation; f) Fetal development; g) Placenta and fetal
membranes development; h) Congenital malformation; i) Comparative embriology of
domestic animals.
2. Embrioloy II:
a) Musculoskeletal embryology: a.1) Joints and skeletal systems; a.2) Muscular system;
a.3) Limb development; b) Embryology of the nervous system, sense organs and
tegumental system: b.1) Nervous system; b.2) Sense organs; b.3) Tegumental system; c)
Embryology of cardiovascular system: c.1) Cardiovascular system; c.2) Lymphatic system;
d) Embryology of the primitive digestory system: d.1) Facial structures; d.2) Primitive
pharynx (branchial apparatus): Nasal cavity, auditory tube, mouth, pharynx, amygdale e
thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid and hypophysis; d.3) Respiratory system: larynx,
trachea, lungs and pleura cavity; d.4) Disgestory system and annexed glands; d.5)
Pancreatic islets; d.6) Celomatic cavity and mesos - Spleen; d.7) Diaphragm; e)
Embryology of the urogenital system: e.1) Urinary system; e.2) Male genital system; e.3) Female genital system; e.4) Adrenal gland. 3. Avian models.
REFERENCES
BÜRKI, K. Experimental embryology of the mouse. Basel ; New York: Karger, 1986.
CLARK, G.D. Brain development and the genetics of brain development. Neurol Clin,
Nov; 20 (4):917-39, 2002.
EAKIN, R.M. Vertebrate embryology: A laboratory manual. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1971.
FLUGEL-KOCH C, OHLMANN A, PIATIGORSKY J, TAMM ER. Disruption of anterior
segment development by TGF-beta1 over expression in the eyes of transgenic mice. Dev
Dyn 2002 Oct;225(2):111-25.
HUETTNER, A.F. Fundamental of comparative embryology of the vertebrates. New York:
The MacMillan Company, 1964.
LATSHAW, W.K., DECKER, B.C. Veterinary developmental anatomy – A clinically
oriented approach. Philadelphia:Toronto, 1987.
LEHMAN, H.E. Chordae development a practical textbook with atlases and tecnhiques for
experimental and descriptive embryology. 3 ed. North Carolina: Hunter Textbooks, USA,
1987. 342 pp.
MOORE, K.L.; PERSAUD, T.V.N. Embriologia clínica Rio de Janeiro : Guanabara
Koogan, 2000.
NEWTH, E.A. Animal growth and development. London, 1970.
NODEN, D.M Embriologia de los animales domésticosmecanismos de desarrollo y
malformaciones. Zaragoza: Acribia, 1990.
OKAHARA M, KIYOSUE H, MORI H, TANOUE S, SAINOU M, NAGATOMI H.
Anatomic variations of the cerebral arteries and their embryology: a pictorial review. Eur
Radiol 2002 Oct;12(10):2548-61.
PEIFER M. Developmental biology: colon construction. Nature Nov 21;420(6913):274-5,
277, 2002.
PICARD, B.; LEFAUCHEUR, L.; BERRI, C.; DUCLOS, M.J. Muscle fibre ontogenesis in
farm animal species. Reprod. Nutr. Dev., Sep-Oct; 42 (5): 415-31, 2002.
ROMER, A.; PARSONS, T.S Anatomia comparada dos vertebrados. São Paulo: Atheneu
Editora, 1985.
SADLER, T.W. Langman embriologia médica.Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2001.
STEVEN, D. H. Comparative placentation essays in structure and function. London; New
York : Academic Press, 1975.
SZABO, K.T. Congenital malformation in laboratory and farm animals. San Diego :
Academic Press, c1989.
VERTEBRATE EMBRYOLOGY - A LABORATORY MANUAL. Eakin University of California Press, 1978. VETERINARY DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY - A CLINICALLY ORIENTED APPROACH. W.K. Latshaw B.C. Decker Inc., Toronto, Philadelphia, 1987. ABBAS, A. K.; LICHTMAN, A. H. Celular and molecular imunology. 5.ed. Philadelphia: Sauderns, cap. 2,p. 19-39;1991. cap. 2, p.19-39. ALBERTS, B.; BRAY, D.; LEWIS, J.; RAFF, M. Biologia molecular da célula. 3 ed. Porto Alegre: Artes Medicas. p. 444-445 e1176-1177, 1997. AMIT, M.; CARPENTER, M.K.; INOKUMA, M.S.; CHIU, C.P.; HARRIS, C. P.; WAKNITZ, M.A.;ITZKOVITZ-ELDOR, J.; THOMSON, J. A. Clonally derived human embryonic stem cell lines maintain pluripotency and proliferative potencial for prolonged periods of culture. Developmental Biology, v. 227, p. 271-278, 2000. BERGMAN, R. L.; INZANA, K. D.; MONROE, W. E.; SHELL, L. G.; LIU, L. A ; ENGVALL, E.; SHELTON, G. D. Dystrophin deficient muscular dystrophy in a Labrador retriever. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, v. 38, p. 255-261, 2002. BOGDANOVICH, S.; PERKINS, K. J.; KRAG, T. O.; KHURANA, T. S. Therapeutics for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: current approaches and future directions. Journal of Molecular Medicine, v. 82, n. 2, p.102-115, 2004. BROOKE , M. H.; ENGEL, W. K. The Histographic analysis of human muscle biopisies with regard to fiber types 1. Adult male e female. Neurology, Haderstown, v. 19, p. 221-223, 1969a. BROOKE , M. H.; ENGEL, W. K. The Histographic analysis of human muscle biopisies with regard to fiber types 1. Children’s biopisies. Neurology, Haderstown, v. 19, p. 591-605, 1969d. BULFIELD, G.; SILLER, W. G.; WIGHT, P. A. L.; MOORE, K. S. X-cromossomelinked muscular dystrophy (MDX) in the mouse. Proccedings of the national academy of sciences of the United Stetes of America, v. 81, p. 1189-1192, 1984. CAMIRAND, G.; CARON, N.S.; ASSELIN, I.; TREMBLAY, J. P. Combined immunossupression of mycophanolate mofetil and FK 506 for myoblast transplantation in mdx mice. Transplantation, v. 72, p. 38-44, 2001. CARPTER, J. L.; HOFFMAN, E. P.; ROMANUL, F. C. feline muscular dystrophy with dystrophin deficiency. American Journal of Pathology, v. 135, p. 909-919, 1989. CHILDERS, M. K.; OKAMURA, C. S.; BOGAN, D. J.; BOGAN, J. R.; PETROSKI, G. F.; MCDONALD, K.; KORNEGAY, J. N. Eccentric contraction injury in dystrophic canine muscle. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, v. 83, p. 1572-1578, 2002. CHIQUOINE, A. D. The identification, origen, and migration of the primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo. The Anatomical Record. v. 118, nº 2, Feb., p. 135- 145, 1954. COLLINS, C. A. Satellite cell self-renewal. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, v. 6, p. 1-6, 2006. CONCANNON, P.; TSUTSUI, T.; SHILLE, V. Embryo development, hormonal requirements and maternal responses during canine pregnancy. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, v. 57, p. 169-179, 2001. CONDORELLI, G.; BORELLO, U.; DE ANGELIS, L. G.; LATRONICO, M.; SIRABELLA, D.; COLETTA, M.; GALLI, R.; BALCONI, G.; FOLLENZI, A.; FRATI, G.; CUSELLA DE ANGELIS, M. G.; GIOGLIO, L.; AMUCHASTEGUI, S.; ADORINI, L.; NALDINI, L.; VESCOVI, A.; DEJANA, E.; COSSU, G. Cardiomyocytes induce endothelial cells to trans-differentiate into cardiac musckle: Implications for myocardium regeneration. Proccedings of the national Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 98, n. 19, p. 10738- 10738, 2001. DE FELICI, M. Regulation of primordial germ cell development i the mouse. International Journal of Development Biology, v. 44, p. 575-580, 2000. DUBOWITZ, V Normal Muscle. In: DUBOWITZ, V. Muscle biopsy – a pratical approach, 2. ed. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1985, cap. 3, p. 41-81. DURCOVA-HILLS, G.; AINSCOUGH, J. F. X.; MCLAREN, A. Pluripotent syem cells derived from migrating primordial germ cells. Differentiation, v. 68, p. 220- 226, 2001. EMERY, A. E. H. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 2. ed.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. EVANS,H. E.; SACH, W. O. Prenatal development of domestic and laboratory mamals: growth curves, external features and selected references. Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, v. 2, p. 11-45, 1973. FLETCHER, S.; WILTON, S. D.; HOWELL, J. M.Gene therapy and molecular approaches to the treatment of hereditary muscular disorders. Curent option in Neurology, v. 13, p. 553-560, 2003. FUCHS, E.; SEGRE, J. Stem cell: a new lease on life. Cell v. 100, p. 143-155, 2000. FUKUDA, T.; HEDINGER, C.; GROSCURTH, P. Ultrastructure of developing germ cells in fetal human testis. Cell Tissue Reserch, v. 161, p. 55-70, 1975. GASKELL, T. L.; GESNAL, A.; ROBINSON, L. L. L.; ANDERSON, R. A.; SAUNDERS, P. T. Immunohistochemical profiling of germ cells within the human fetal testis: Identification of three subpopulation. Biology of Reproduction, v. 71, p. 2012-2021, 2004. GINSBURG, M.; SONW, M. H. L.; McLAREN, A. primordial germ cell in the mouse embryo during gastrulation. Development, v. 110, p. 521-528, 1990. GORDON, M. Y.; LEVICAR, N.; PAI, M.; BACHELLIER, P.; DIMARAKIS, I.; ALALLAF, F.; M’HAMDI, H.; THALJI, T.; WELSH, J. P.; MARLEY, S. B.; DAVIES, J.; DAZZI, F.; MARELLI-BERG, F.; TAIT, P.; PLAYFORD, R.; JIAO, L.; JENSEN, S.; NICHOLLS, J. P.; AYAV, A.; NOHANDANI, M.; FARZANEH, F.; GAKEN, J.; DODGE, R.; ALISON, M.; APPERLEY, J. F.; LECHLER, R.; HABIB, N. A. Characterisation and clinical application of human CD34+ stem/progenitor cell populations mobilised into the blood by G-CSF. Stem cells, v. 24, n. 7, p. 1822- 1830, 2006. GOU, Y.; LUBBERT, M.; ENGELHARDT, M. CD34- hematopoietic stem cells: Current concepts and controversis. Stem Cells, v. 21, p. 15-20, 2003. GRINDEM, C. B. Blood cell markers. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, v. 26, n. 5, p.1043-1065, 1996. GUYTON, A. C. Tratado de fisiologia médica. 10. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Interamericana, 2001. HADJANTONAKIS, A. K.; PAPAIOANNOU, V. E. The stem cells of early embryos. Differentiation, v. 68, p. 156-166, 2001. HOFFMAN, E.; BROWN, R. J.; KUNKEL, L. Diystrophin: The protein product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus. Cells, v. 51, p. 919-928, 1987. HOFFMAN, E. P.; GOROSPC, J. R. M. The animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy ? Windows on the pathophysiological consequences of dystrofin deficiency. Current topics in menbranes, v. 38, p. 113-154, 1991. HOLSTEIN, A.; SCHUTTE, B.; BECKER, H.; HARTMANN, M. morphology of normal and malignat germ cells. International Journal of Andrology, v. 10, p. 1- 18, 1978. HORWITZ, E. M.; PROCKOP, D. J.; FITZPATRICK, L. A.; KOO, W. W.; GORDON, P. L.; NELL, M.; SUSSMAN, M.; ORCHARD, P.; MARX, J. P.; PYERITZ, R. E.; BRENNER, M. K. Transplantability and therapeutic effects of bone narrow derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Nature Medicine, v. 5, p. 309-315, 1999. HOWELL, J. MCC.; FLETCHER, S.; KAKULAS, B. A.; O’HARA, M.; LOCHMULLER, H.; KARPATI, G. Use of the dog model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in gene therapy trials. Neuromuscular Disorders, v. 7, p. 325–328, 1997. IWANNCZAK, F.; STAWARSKI, A.; POTYRALA, M.; SIEDLECKADAWIDKO, J.; AGRAWAL, G. S. Early symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy – description of cases of an 18-month-old and an 8-year-old patient. Medical Science Monitoring, v. 6, n. 3, p. 592-593, 2000. JUNQUEIRA, L. C.; CARNEIRO, J. Histologia básica 7. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara p. 65-71, 1990. JUNQUEIRA, L. C.; CARNEIRO, J. Histologia básica, 8. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1995, cap. 10, p. 159-177. KEHLER, J.; TOLKUNOVA, E.; KOSCHORZ, B.; PESCE, M.; GENTILE, L.; BOIANI, M.; LOMELÍ, H.; NAGY, A.; MCLAUGHLIN, K. J.; SCHÖLER, H. R.; TOMILIN, A. Oct4 is required for primordial germ cell survival. EMBO reports, v. 5, p. 1078-1083, 2004. KOBAYASHI, N.; NIYAZAKI, M.; FUKAYA, K.; INOVE, Y.; SAKAGUCHI, M.; UEMURA, T.; NOGUCHI, H.; KONDO, A.; TANAKA, N.; NAMBA, N. Transplantation of highly differentiated immortalized human hepatocytes to treat acute liver failure. Transplantation, v. 69, p. 202-207, 2000. KORNEGAY, J. N.; BOGAN, D. J.; BOGAN, J. R.; CHILDERS, M. K.; CUNDIFF, D. D.; PETROSKI, G. F.; SCHUELER, R. O. Contraction force generated by tarsal joint flexion and extension in dogs with Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, v. 166, p. 155-121, 1999. KURSCHSTEIN, R.; SKIRBOLL, L. R. Stem Cells: Scientific progress and future research directions. Maryland: National Institute of health, Departament of health and human services, 2001, Apendice B1-B11. LASLETT, A. L.; FILIPCZYK, A. A.; PERA, M. F. Characterization and culture of human embryonic stem cells. TCM, v. 13, n. 7, p. 295-301, 2003. LAWSON, K. A.; HAGE, W. J. Clonal analysis of the oigin of primordial germ cells in the mouse. Ciba found symp, v. 182, p. 68-64, 1994. LEAVITT, B. Repairing the genomic defect in muscular dystrophy. Clinical Genetics, v. 58, p. 265-269, 2000. LIU, J. M. K.; OKAMURA, C. S.; BOGAN, D. J.; BOGAN, J. R.; CHILDERS, M. K.; KORNEGAY, J. N. Effects of prednisone in canine muscular dystrophy. Muscle & Nerve, v. 30, p. 767-773, 2004. MITALIPOV, S. M.; KUO, H. C.; HENNEBOLD, J. D.; WOLF, D. P. OCT-4 Expression in pluripotent cells of the Rhesus monkey. Biology of Reproduction, v. 69, p. 1785-1792, 2003. MOREL, F.; GALY, A. CHEN, B.; SZILVASSY, S. J. Equal distribution of competitive long-term repopulation stem cells in the CD34+ and CD34- fractions of 92 Thy-1lowLin-/lowSca-1+ bone narrow cells. Experimental Hematology, v. 26, n. 5, p. 440-448, 1998. MORGAN, J. E.; WATT, D. J. In molecular cell biology of muscular dystrophy, Chapman e Hall, London: 1993, p. 303-331. NGUYEN, F.; CHEREL, Y.; GUIGAND, L.; GOUBAULT-LEROUX, I.; WYERS, M. Muscle lesions associated with dystrophin deficiency in neonatal Golden Retriever puppies. Journal Commpendium of Pathology, v. 126, n. 2-3, p.100-8, 2002. NODEN, D. M.; LAHUNTA, A. Embriología de los animals domésticos: Mecanismos de desarrollo y malformaciones. Zaragoza: Acribia, 1990, cap. 1, p. 11-25. ODORICO, J. S.; KAUFMAN, D. S.; THOMSON, J. A. Multilinhage differentiation from human embryonic stem cell lines. Stem Cells, v. 19, p. 193-204, 2001. OKAMOTO, K.; OKAZAWA, H.; OKUDA, A.; SAKAI, M.; MURAMATSU, M.; HAMADA, H. A novel octamer binding trascription factor is differentially expressed in mouse embryonic cells. Cell. V. 60, p. 461-472, 1990. PASSOS-BUENO, M. R.; VAINZOF, M.; MARIE, S. K.; ZATZ, M. half the dystrophin gene apparently enough for a mild clínical course: Confirmatin of its potential for gene therapy. Human Molecular Genetics, v. 3, n. 6, p. 919-922, 1994. PERES, C. M.; CURI, R. Como cultivar células.In: PERES, C. M. Co-cultura celulares. 1. ed. Rio de janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2005, p. 122-125. PESCE, M.; GROSS, M. K.; SCHÖLER, H. R. In line with our ancestors: OCT-4 and the mammalian germ. Bioessays, v. 20, p. 722-732, 1998. PESCE, M.; SCHÖLER, H. R. OCT-4: Controlof totipotency and germ line determination. Mollecular Reproduction and Development. v. 55, p. 452-457, 2000. PESCE, M.; SCHÖLER, H.R. OCT-4: Gatekeepe in the beginning of mammalian development. Stem Cells. v.19, p. 271-278, 2001. POTTEN, C. S. Stem Cells. In: ROOJI, D.G.; VAN DISSEL-EMILIANI, F. M. F. Regulation of proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in the male germ line. 1997. cap. 9, p.283-314. POTTEN, C.S. Stem Cells. In: WATT, D. J.; JONES, G. E. Skeletal muscle stem cells: function and potential role in therapy, 1997, cap. 14, p. 76-98. RADOJEVIC, V.; LINS, S.; BURGUNDER, J. M. Differential expression of dystrophin, ultraphin, and dystrophin associated proteins in human muscle culture. Cell Tissue Research, v. 300, p. 447-457, 2000. RESNICK, J. L., BIXLER, L. S., CHENG, L., DONAVAN, P. J. Long-term proliferation of mouse primordial germ cells in culture. Nature, v. 359, p. 550-551, 1992. ROBERTIS, E. D. P., ROBERTIS, JR., E. M. F. Bases da biologia celular e molecular 2. ed., Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 1993, p.168. ROITT, I.; BROSTOFF, J.; MALE, D. Imunologia. 5. ed. São Paulo: Manole, 1999. ROSSANT, J. Stem cells from the mammalian blastocyst. Stem Cells, v. 19, p. 477-482, 2001. SADLER, T.W. Embriologia médica. 9. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Kanabara Koogan, 2004, p. 3-20; 213-240. SEALE, P.; ASAKURA, A.; RUDNICKI, M. A. The potential of muscle stem cells. Developmental Cell, v. 1, p. 333-334, 2000. SEALE, P.; RUDNICKI, M.A. A new look at the origen, funcition, and “Stem Cell” status of muscular satellite cells. Developmental Biology, v. 218, n. 2, p. 115- 124, 2000. SHELTON, G.D., LIU, L. A.; GUO, L. T.; SMITH, G. K.; CHRISTIANSEN, J. S.; THOMAS, W. B.; SMITH, M. O.; KLINE, K. L.; MARCH, P. A.; FLEGEL, T.; ENGVALL, E. Muscular dystrophy in female dogs. Journal Veterinary Internal Medicine, v.15 (3), p.240-244, may-jun, 2001. SILVA, T.J. C. Avaliação in vitro do uso potencial de celulas-tronco no tratamento da distrofia muscular. 2005. 110p.Tese (Doutorado) – Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2005. SORIA, B.; ROCHE, E.; BERNA, G.; LEON-QUINTO, T.; REIG, J. A; MARTIN, F. Insulin-secreting cells derived from embryonic stem cell mammalize glycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes, v. 49, p. 1410-1412, 1999. SURANI, M. A. Reprogramning of gemona function through epigenetic inheritance. Nature, v. 414, p. 122-129, 2001. THOMSON, J. A.; ITSKOWTZ-ELDOR, J.; SHAPIRO, S. S.; WAKNITZ, M. A. Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science, v. 282, p. 1145-1147, 1998. THOMSON, J. A.; ODORICO, J. S. Human embryonic stem cell and embryonic germ cell lines. Focus, v. 18, p. 53-57, 2000. TROUNSON, A. O. The derivation and potential use of human embryonic stem cells. Reproduction, Fertility and Development. v.13 n.7 - 8, p. 523-532, 2001. TURNPENNY, L.; BRICKWOOD, S.; SPALLUTO, C. M.; PIPER, K. IAIN T. CAMERON, I.T.; WILSON, D.I., HANLEY; N.A. Derivation of human embryonic germ cells: An alternative source of pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells. v. 21, p. 598-609, 2003. VAINZOF, M.; PASSOS-BUENO, M. R.; CANOVAS, M.; MOREIRA, E. S. PAVANELLO, R. C. M.The sarcoglycan complex in the six autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. Human molecular genetics v. 5(12), p. 1963- 1969, 1996. VALENTINE, B. A.; COOPER, B. J.; DcLAHUNTA, A.; O’QUINN, R.; BLUE, J.T. et al. Canine x-linked muscular dystrophy. An animal model do Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Clínical studies. Journal of the neurological Science v. 88, p. 69-81, 1988. VIEIRA, M. L.; LAURO, M.; DUSSE, L.M.; MARTINS FILHO, O.H.; CARVALHO, M.G. Otimização da técnica de citometria de fluxo para na’alise do fator tissular em monócitos de sangue periférico. Revista brasileira de hematologia e hemoterapia, São Paulo, v. 25, n. 3, p. 141-147, 2003. WATENBERG, H. Differentiation and development of testis. The testis. 2.ed. Nova York: Raven, 1981, 39-81 WEIMANN, A. Die Continuität dês keimplasmas als grundlage einer theorie der vererbung, Jena: Fischer-Verlag, 1885. YEOM.II, Y.; FUHRMANN, G.; OVITT, C.E.; BREHM, A.; et al. Germline regulatory element of OCT-4 specific for the totipotent cycle of embryonal cells. Development v.122, p. 881-894, 1996. ZATZ, M.; VAINZOF, M.; PASSOS-BUENO, M. R. limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: One gene with different phenotypes, one phenotype with different genes. Current Opinion in Neurology, v. 13, p. 511-517, 2000. Shi L, Wu J. Epigenetic regulation in mammalian preimplantation embryo development. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009;7:59. Duranthon V, Watson AJ, Lonergan P. Preimplantation embryo programming: transcription, epigenetics, and culture environment. Reproduction 2008 Feb;135(2):141-50. Suzuki J Jr, Therrien J, Filion F, Lefebvre R, Goff AK, Smith LC. In vitro culture and somatic cell nuclear transfer affect imprinting of SNRPN gene in pre-and post-implantation stages of development in cattle. BMC Dev Biol. 9:9. Zernicka-Goetz M, Morris SA, Bruce AW. Making a firm decision: multifaceted regulation of cell fate in the early mouse embryo. Nat Rev Genet 2009;10:467-77. Rielland M, Hue I, Renard JP, Alice J. Trophoblast stem cell derivation, cross-species comparison and use of nuclear transfer: new tools to study trophoblast growth and differentiation. Dev Biol. 2008;322:1-10. Chen L, Yabuuchi A, Eminli S, Takeuchi A, Lu CW, Hochedlinger K, Daley GQ. Cross-regulation of the Nanog and Cdx2 promoters. Cell Res. 2009;19:1052-61. VCI 5709 – Comparative functional neuroanatomy: development and tendencies CREDIT HOURS: 05
Number of lectures: 08
Laboratory training, seminars and others: 04
Hours of study: 03
DURATION IN WEEKS: 05
COLLABORATORS
1. Prof. Dr. Renato Paulo Chopard
2. Prof. Dr. Maria Angélica Miglino
AIMS: Increase knowledge on sense organs and nervous system in different animal
species. Students would be encouraged to discover the biological modeling significance, as
well as its possible variations and species differences relevants to behavior. Critical
analysis of diffent topics addressed and relevance to research or professional demands.

RATIONAL: All addressed topics are relevant to different scientific and professional
areas. Knowledge would be necessary for comparative anatomy, neurology,
neuropharmacology, anaesthsiology, surgery, toxicology, and others. Complexity of
nervous system and sense organs would be integrated to physiological aspects and
environment adaptation. Nervous system chemical, physical, biological and structural
approaches would be connected to animal behavior responses and senses activation.

CONTENT: Discussion based activities would help to increase knowledge on concepts,
function, shape, morphofunctional and morphophysiological aspects.
- Phylogenesis of nervous system. Critical analysis of biological modeling and
organizational aspects.
- Differentiation of the primitive neural cord. Morphofunctional significance.
- Morphofunctional and organizational aspects of nervous system. Critical analysis. Phylo
and ontogenetics origns.
- Morphofunctional aspects of segmentary nervous system. Spinal cord.
- Morphofunctional aspects of segmentary nervous system.Mesencephalus.
- Morphofunctional aspects of supra-segmentary nervous system. Cerebelum.
- Morphofunctional aspects of supra-segmentary nervous system. I-Striatum; II- Limbic
system; III – Cerebral cortex.
- Afferent and efferent pathways. Critical analysis. Degeneration and regeneration on
periferal nervous system.
- Comparative analysis of macro and microscopic aspects of central nervous system.
Comparative analysis of macroscopic aspects of vascularization on the central nervous
system. Meninges.
Birds.
Anatomical aspects of bone orbit in different species.
Image on the retina. Morphofunctional aspects and significance.
Histofunctional aspects of the retina.
Morphofunctional analysis of auditory conduct: inner and outer ear.
Facial nerves and its relationship to auditory pathways.
Mastoid process and morphofunctional significance.
Vestibular pathways and audition. Morphofunctional aspects.
Morphophysiology of olfatory organ.
Morphophysiology of taste structures.
Morphophysiology of touch structures.
Avian sense organs.

REFERENCE
DAVID PILBEAM. A ascendência do homem. Uma introdução à evolução humana -1977
Ed. Melhoramentos – EDUSP.
GRIFFIN, D.R. Animal Minds. The University of Chicago and London, 1994.
KARL R. POPPER y JOHN C. ECCLES. El yo Y su cerebro - 1980 (edição castelhana)
Ed. Roche Basilea, Suiça.
KING A.S Physiological and Clinical Anatomy of the Domestic Animals - vol. 1 - Central
Nervous System - - 1987 - Oxford University Press.
KYLE, G. BRAUND - 1986 - WILLIAMS & WILKINS. Clinical Syndromes in Veterinary Neurology - Baltimore - London - Los Angeles - Sydney. LURIA, A. R. Fundamentos de Neuropsicologia, Tradução do Prof. Juarez Aranha Ricardo – EDUSP, 1984. LAO Y, LU B, MEI L. Neurologic science: comprehensive science of brain research. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 1998 Oct;29(4):367-74. MACHADO, A Neuroanatomia Funcional. Atheneu, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte. 3ª ed. , 2000. MACLEAN, P.D.The Triune Cerebrum in Evolution. Plenum Press/Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, 1990. MITHEN, S. The Prehistory of hte Mind. Thames and Hudson Ltd., London, 1999. PALMER, AC. Introduction to Animal Neurology. 2ed., 1976 - Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford - London - Edinburgh - Melboune. RIBEIRO, A. A. C. M., ELIAS, C. F., LIBERTI, E. A., GUIDI, W. L., DE SOUZA, R. R. Structure and ultrastructure of the celiamesenteric ganglion complex in the domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Anatomia Histologia Embryologia. LONDON: , 2002. RIBEIRO, A. A. C. M., FIORETTO, E., CASTRO, M. F. S., GUIDI, W. L., MAINARDI, R. S., DE SOUZA, R. R. Clinical anatomic studies on the brachial plexus of capybara. Clinical Anatomy. INGLATERRA: , 2001 SARNAT, H.B.; NETSKY, M.G. Evolucioni deal Sistema Nervoso 1985 - Ciência - Estudio H. Blume Ediciones Rosario, 17 - Madrid - 5. SAVAS A. Neurological function-based research. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2002;83:33-40. STEVEN R. O cérebro Consciente - 1976 - Ed. Alfa - Omega Ltda.-S.Paulo-Brasil. SUGIYAMA I, TANAKA K, AKITA M, YOSHIDA K, KAWASE T, ASOU H. Ultrastructural analysis of the paranodal junction of myelinated fibers in 31-month-old-rats. J Neurosci Res 2002 Nov 1;70(3):309-17. SVEN O.E. EBBERSON. Comparative Neurology of the telencephalon - Edited by - 1980 (com diversos colaboradores) - Plenum Press - New York and London. TEIXEIRA, J.f. Mente, Cérebro e Cognição. Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, R.J., 2000. TOOYAMA I, BELLIER JP, PARK M, MINNASCH P, UEMURA S, HISANO T, IWAMI M, AIMI Y, YASUHARA O, KIMURA H. Morphologic study of neuronal death, glial activation, and progenitor cell division in the hippocampus of rat models of epilepsy. Epilepsia 2002;43 Suppl 9:39-43. BANKS, W.J. 1986 Applied Veterinary Histology. Second Edition, Williams & Wilkins. BARONE, R. 1986. Anatomie Comparée des mammifères domestiques. Vigot Freres, Editeurs. BRUNI, A.C.; ZIMMERL, U. 1977 Anatomia degli animali domestici. Casa Editrice Dr. Francesco Vallardi. DiDio, L.J.A. 1974 Sinopse de Anatomia. Guanabara Koogan. GETTY, R. 1981 Anatomia dos animais domésticos. 5a. edição, Interamericana. GOOD KL, MAGGS DJ, HOLLINGSWORTH SR, SCAGLIOTTI RH, NELSON RW. Corneal sensitivity in dogs with diabetes mellitus. Am J Vet Res 2003 Jan;64(1):7-11 HELMCHEN C, ARBUSOW V, JAGER L, STRUPP M, STOCKER W, SCHULZ P. Cogan's syndrome: clinical significance of antibodies against the inner ear and cornea. Acta Otolaryngol 1999;119(5):528-36 LATENDRESSE JR, WARBRITTION AR, JONASSEN H, CREASY DM.: Fixation of testes and eyes using a modified Davidson's fluid: comparison with Bouin's fluid and conventional Davidson's fluid. Toxicol Pathol 2002 Jul-Aug;30(4):524-33 MAGRANE, W. 1965 Canine Ophthalmology. Lea & Febiger. SINGH TR, AGRAWAL SK, BAJAJ AK, SINGH RK, SINGH MM. Evaluation of audiovestibular status in leprosy. Indian J Lepr. 1984 Jan-Mar;56(1):24-9. SHIMOKAWA T, AKITA K, SATO T, RU F, YI SQ, TANAKA S. Comparative anatomical study of the m. retractor bulbi with special reference to the nerve innervations in rabbits and dogs. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2002 Mar;78(6):235-43 TESTUT, L.; LATARJET, A. 1951 Tratado de Anatomia Humana. Tomo Tercero Salvat Editores, S.A. VCI 5782 – Macrocopic techniques and applied imaging CREDIT HOURS: 02
Number of lectures: 04
Laboratory training, seminars and others: 03
Hours of study: 03
DURATION IN WEEKS: 03
COLLABORATORS:
1. Prof. Dr. Pedro Primo Bombonato
2. Prof. Dr. Said Rahnamaye Rabbani
AIMS: Offers the opportunity to increase knowledge on tissue preparation and imaging:
radiology, fluoroscopy, U5, TC Resson,and others. Students would be stimulated to know
how images are obtained. Histological studies, cell organization and inter-relationships
would be addressed.

RATIONAL: Cellular biology field had great improvement during the last decades with
new methodologies. Development of imaging methods and apparatus had made a relevant
contribution to cellular research. In addition, diagnosis had also been beneficiate by
imaging improvements. Cellular organization, organ development, tissue structure would
be addressed.
CONTENT:
1. Tissue fixation and staining procedures for optical and electronic microscopy
2. Tissue preparation techniques for optical microscopy
3. Tissue preparation techniques for scanning electron microscopy
4. Tissue preparation techniques for transmission electron microscopy
5. Cellular biology:
Cytomorphological methods;
Morphophysiological methods;
Cellular membrane and differentiations;
Genetic information storage.
6. Cytophysiology of tissues:
Epithelium structure and cytophysiology;
Connective tissue organization and differentiation:
Muscular contraction mechanism and ultra-structural aspects
Cytostructures of nervous system and biological functions
7. Structural and ultra-structural aspects of different body systems
REFERENCES
ALBERTS, B.; BRAY, D.; LEWIS, J.; RAFF, M.; ROBERTS, K.; WATSON, J.D.
Molecular Biology of the Cell. 3ed. Garland Publishing, 1994.
BANKS, W.J. Applied Veterinary Histology, Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1986, 780
p.
BURKITT, H.G.; YOUNG, R.; HEATH, J. W. Wheater Histologia Funcional 3. ed., Rio
de Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 1994, 410p.
CORMACK, D. H. Fundamentos de Histologia, Rio de Janeiro, Ed. Guanabara Koogan,
1996, 341p.
DELLMANN, H. D.; EURELL, J.A. Textbook of Veterinary Histology, 5. ed,
Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1998, 380p.
DELLMAN, H. D.; CARITHERS, J. R. Cytology and Microscopic Anatomy. 1.ed.
Baltimor, Williams & Wilkins, 1996, 406p.
DEGENS H., ALWAY S.E. Skeletal muscle function and hypertrophy are diminished
in old age. Muscle Nerve 2003 Mar;27(3):339-47
FAWCETT, D. W. A textbook of Histology. W.B. Saunders Company, 1986.
JUNQUEIRA, L.C.U.; CARNEIRO, J. Biologia Celular e Molecular. 7.ed, Rio de
Janeiro, Ed. Guanabara Koogan, 2000, 426p.
GARNET, S.P.; HIATT, J.L. Tratado de Histologia, Rio de Janeiro, Ed. Guanabara
Koogan, 1997, 339p.
JUNQUEIRA, L.C.U.; CARNEIRO, J. Histologia Básica. Rio de Janeiro, Ed. Guanabara
Koogan, 1999, 427p.
LODISH, H. Molecular Cell Biology. 4. ed., New York, W. H. Freeman, 1999. 1296p.
RANGANATHAN R. Cell biology. A matter of life or death. Science 14; 299:1677-9,
2003.
PARK TH, SHULER ML. Integration of cell culture and microfabrication technology.
Biotechnol Prog 2003 Mar-Apr;19(2):243-53
BURK, R.L.; ACKERMAN, N. Small animal radiology and ultrasonography. A diagnostic
atlas and text. 2ª ed., Saunders, 1996.
BURK, R.L.; ACKERMAN, N. Small animal radiology. A diagnostic atlas and text. New
York, Churchill Livingstone, 1986.
BUTLER, J A; COLLES, C.M.; DYSON, S.J.; KOLD, S E ; POULOS, P W. Clinical
radiology of the horse. Oxford, Blakwell Scientific Publications, 1993.
DOUGLAS, S.W.; WILLIAMSON, H.D. Princípios de radiologia veterinária. 3ª ed. Rio de
Janeiro, Guanabara Koogan, 1983.
DOUGLAS, S.W.; WILLIAMSON, H.D. Principles of veterinary radiography. 3ª ed.
London, Baillière & Tindall, 1980.
GREEN, R.W. Small animal ultrasoud. Lippincott – Raven, 1996
KEALLY, J.K. Diagnostic radiology of the dog and cat. Philadelphia, Saunders, 2000.
LAPAIRE, C. Semiologia radiológica nos pequenos animais. São Paulo, Andrei Ed. Ltda.,
1986
LAVIN, L.M. Radiography in veterinary techonology, Philadelphia, Saunders, 1994.
NYLAND, T.G.; MATTON, J.S. Veterinary diagnostic ultrasound. Saunders, 2002.
OCAL, MK, DABANOGLU, I, KARA, ME, TURAN, E. Computed tomographic
pelvimetry in German shepherd dogs. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr Jan;110(1):17-20, 2003.
Owens, J.M.; Biery, D.N. Radiographic Interpretation for the small animal clinician. 2ª ed.,
Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
RYAN, G.D. Radiographic positioning of small animals. London, Lea & Febiger, 1981.
STASHAK, T S. ADAMS’LAMENESS IN HORSES 4 ed. Philadelphia. Lea & Febiger. 4.
ed,1985.
SUTER, P.F. Thoracic radiography. A text atlas of thoracic diseases of the dog and cat.
Switzerland: .Peter F. Suter, 1984
THRALL, D.E. Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders,
1998.
THRALL, D.E; Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology, 2 ed. Philadelphia
W.B.Saunders, 1994.
TICER, W.J. Radiographic techniques in veterinary practice 2ª ed., Philadelphia, Saunders,
1984.
WAGNER W.M., KIRBERGER R.M., GROENEWALD H.B. Radiographic anatomy of
the thoraco-abdominal cavity of the ostrich (Struthio camelus). J S Afr Vet Assoc.
Dec;72(4):203-8, 2001.
WATROUS, BARBARA J. Veterinary Clinics of North America. Clinical Radiology,
march 2000.

Source: http://www.posanato.vet.br/website/images/stories/English_Version.pdf